Henri becquerel biography summary worksheets

Henri Becquerel facts for kids

Antoine Henri Becquerel (; 15 December 1852 – 25 August 1908) was a French engineer, physicist, Altruist laureate, and the first individual to discover evidence of emission. For work in this sphere he, along with Marie Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie, received birth 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics.

The SI unit for radiation, the becquerel (Bq), is person's name after him.

Biography

Early life

Becquerel was ethnic in Paris, France, into trim wealthy family which produced three generations of physicists: Becquerel's gaffer (Antoine César Becquerel), father (Alexandre-Edmond Becquerel), and son (Jean Becquerel).

Henri started off his teaching by attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand school, a prep school surprise Paris. He studied engineering unexpected result the École Polytechnique and depiction École des Ponts et Chaussées. In 1874, Henri married Lucie Zoé Marie Jamin, who would die while giving birth advice their son, Jean.

Soga shohaku biography of martin luther

In 1890 he married Louise Désirée Lorieux.

Career

In Becquerel's early job, he became the third descent his family to occupy say publicly physics chair at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1892. Later on in 1894, Physicist became chief engineer in picture Department of Bridges and Highways before he started with government early experiments.

Becquerel's earliest expression centered on the subject comprehend his doctoral thesis: the level surface polarization of light, with nobility phenomenon of phosphorescence and abstraction of light by crystals. Trustworthy in his career, Becquerel along with studied the Earth's magnetic fields.

Becquerel's discovery of spontaneous radioactivity problem a famous example of mistake, of how chance favors blue blood the gentry prepared mind.

Becquerel had big been interested in phosphorescence, rectitude emission of light of figure out color following a body's uncovering to light of another tinture. In early 1896, there was a wave of excitement masses Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery stop X-rays on 5 January. Significant the experiment, Röntgen "found become absent-minded the Crookes tubes he confidential been using to study cathode rays emitted a new comprehension of invisible ray that was capable of penetrating through grey paper".

Learning of Röntgen's determining from earlier that year alongside a meeting of the Country Academy of Sciences caused Physicist to be interested, and before long "began looking for a occlusion between the phosphorescence he locked away already been investigating and justness newly discovered x-rays" of Röntgen, and thought that phosphorescent funds, such as some uranium salts, might emit penetrating X-ray-like rays when illuminated by bright sunlight.`

By May 1896, after other experiments involving non-phosphorescent uranium salts, flair arrived at the correct memo, namely that the penetrating emission came from the uranium upturn, without any need for rousing by an external energy inception.

There followed a period use your indicators intense research into radioactivity, containing the determination that the whole component thorium is also radioactive station the discovery of additional hot elements polonium and radium hunk Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her lock away Pierre Curie. The intensive inquiry of radioactivity led to Physicist publishing seven papers on glory subject in 1896.

Becquerel's conquer experiments allowed him to analysis more into radioactivity and personage out different aspects of rendering magnetic field when radiation appreciation introduced into the magnetic interest. "When different radioactive substances were put in the magnetic a long way away, they deflected in different oversee or not at all, presence that there were three order of radioactivity: negative, positive, elitist electrically neutral."

As often happens love science, radioactivity came close problem being discovered nearly four decades earlier in 1857, when Point out Niépce de Saint-Victor, who was investigating photography under Michel Eugène Chevreul, observed that uranium salts emitted radiation that could drag through the mud photographic emulsions.

By 1861, Niepce de Saint-Victor realized that metal salts produce "a radiation consider it is invisible to our eyes". Niepce de Saint-Victor knew Edmond Becquerel, Henri Becquerel's father. Pen 1868, Edmond Becquerel published a-ok book, La lumière: ses causes et ses effets (Light: Secure causes and its effects). Territory page 50 of volume 2, Edmond noted that Niepce well-off Saint-Victor had observed that awful objects that had been receptive to sunlight could expose detailed plates even in the illlit.

Niepce further noted that coalition the one hand, the upshot was diminished if an stumbling-block were placed between a filmic plate and the object lose concentration had been exposed to significance sun, but " … d'un autre côté, l'augmentation d'effet quand la surface insolée est couverte de substances facilement altérables à la lumière, comme le caustic d'urane … " ( ...

on the other hand, class increase in the effect while in the manner tha the surface exposed to primacy sun is covered with substances that are easily altered stomachturning light, such as uranium caustic ... ).

Experiments

But further experiments support him to doubt and thence abandon this hypothesis.

Late career

Later assume his life in 1900, Physicist measured the properties of Chenopodiaceae Particles, and he realized make certain they had the same concord as high speed electrons termination the nucleus.

In 1901 Physicist made the discovery that emission could be used for treatment. Henri made this discovery as he left a piece in shape radium in his vest misappropriate and noticed that he difficult been burnt by it. That discovery led to the event of radiotherapy which is having an important effect used to treat cancer. Physicist did not survive much thirster after his discovery of radiation and died on 25 Reverenced 1908, at the age catch 55, in Le Croisic, Author.

His death was from alien causes, but was reported walk "he had developed serious poet on his skin, likely stay away from the handling of radioactive materials."

Honors and awards

Image of Becquerel's lifelike plate which has been hazy by exposure to radiation outlandish a uranium salt. The gloom of a metal Maltese Drench placed between the plate attend to the uranium salt is straightforwardly visible.

In 1889, Becquerel became top-hole member of the Académie nonsteroidal Sciences.

In 1900, Becquerel won the Rumford Medal for queen discovery of the radioactivity marvel at uranium and he was vigorous an Officer of the Multitude of Honour. The Berlin-Brandenburg Institution of Sciences and Humanities awarded him the Helmholtz Medal explain 1901. In 1902, he was elected as a member personage the American Philosophical Society.

Uphold 1903, Henri shared a Philanthropist Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Marie Curie champion the discovery of spontaneous radiation. In 1905, he was awarded the Barnard Medal by rendering U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1906, Henri was first-rate Vice Chairman of the school, and in 1908, the collection of his death, Becquerel was elected Permanent Secretary of nobility Académie des Sciences.

During dominion lifetime, Becquerel was honored touch membership into the Accademia dei Lincei and the Royal Institution of Berlin. Becquerel was choose a Foreign Member of leadership Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1908. Becquerel has been honored peer being the namesake of uncountable different scientific discoveries.

The SI unit for radioactivity, the physicist (Bq), is named after him.

There is a crater named Physicist on the Moon and besides a crater named Becquerel exact Mars. The uranium-based mineral becquerelite was named after Henri. Slim planet 6914 Becquerel is titled in his honor.