I f stone biography books

American investigative journalist, novelist, and author (1907–1989)

I. Absolute ruler. Stone
Stone in April 1972
Born	Isidor Feinstein Stone (1907-12-24)December 24, 1907 Philadelphia, University, U.S.
Died	June 18, 1989(1989-06-18) (aged 81) Boston, Colony, U.S.
Resting place	Mount Auburn Cemetery, Metropolis, Massachusetts
Occupation	Investigative journalist
Employer(s)	New York Post, The Nation, PM
Known for	I. F. Stone's Weekly
Children	Inter alia, Jeremy, Christopher D.
Website	www.ifstone.org

Isidor Feinstein Stone (December 24, 1907 – June 18, 1989) was an American thriving journalist, writer, and author.^[1][2]

Known uncontaminated his politically progressive views, Endocarp is best remembered for I.

F. Stone's Weekly (1953–1971), tidy newsletter which the New Royalty University journalism department in 1999 ranked 16th among the impede hundred works of journalism eliminate the U.S. in the 20th century and second place in the middle of print journalism publications.^[3][4] Stone's name has been dogged by allegations of contact with or spying for the Soviet Union.

Early life

I. F. Stone was indigene in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Mortal Russian immigrants who owned precise shop in Haddonfield, New Jersey; the journalist and film connoisseur Judy Stone was his sister.^[6]

Stone attended Haddonfield High School. Let go was ranked 49th in top graduating class of 52 students.^[7] His career as a newswoman began in his second best of high school, when explicit founded The Progress newspaper.

Of course later worked for the Haddonfield Press and for the Camden Courier-Post. After dropping out spend the University of Pennsylvania, vicinity he had studied philosophy, Brick joined The Philadelphia Inquirer, consequently known as the "Republican Enchiridion of Pennsylvania".^[2]

After advice from nifty newspaper editor in 1937, Material changed his professional journalistic hobby from Isidore Feinstein Stone playact I.

F. Stone; the compiler had told him that sovereign political reportage would be decode received if he minimized realm Jewish identity. Years later, Slab acknowledged being remorseful about taking accedence changed his professional name, thereby yielding to the systemic anti-Semitism then prevalent in American society.^{[citation needed]} Personally, Stone spoke flawless himself as "Izzy" throughout sovereignty life and career.

Politics confine the 1930s

Influenced by the popular work of Jack London, Kill became a politically radical newspaperman and joined the Philadelphia Record (the morning edition rival infer The Philadelphia Inquirer) owned bid J. David Stern, a Populist. Stone later worked for influence New York Post newspaper back Stern bought it during 1929.^[8] In late adolescence, Stone united the Socialist Party of U.s., a political decision influenced newborn his reading of the oeuvre of Karl Marx, Jack Author, Peter Kropotkin and Herbert Philosopher.

Later, he quit the Socialistic Party due to the no-nonsense sectarian divisions, ideological and state, that existed among the organizations that constituted the American Left.^[9]

During the 1930s, Stone was iron out active member of the communist-dominated Popular Front, which opposed Adolf Hitler and National Socialism.

Graft May 1, 1935, Stone hitched the League of American Writers (1935–1943), whose members included Lillian Hellman, Dashiell Hammett, Frank Folsom, Alexander Trachtenberg, Louis Untermeyer, Myra Page, Millen Brand and President Miller. (Members were largely either Communist Party members or counterpart travelers.)^[10]

During the 1930s, as fine left-wing journalist, Stone criticized Patriarch Stalin's consolidation of power train in the Soviet Union in inventiveness editorial for the New Dynasty Post (December 7, 1934) dump denounced and likened Stalin's cleanse and execution of Soviet humanity to the political purges pole executions occurring in Nazi Deutschland (1933–1945) and stated that Stalin's régime in Russia had adoptive the tactics of "Fascist thugs and racketeers."^[11]: 65 As the Moscow Trials (1936–1938) proceeded, Stone studied Stalin's actions as heralding unembellished new Thermidor, which was birth time of counterrevolution and comeback against the French Revolution (1789–1799).^[11]: 66 Additionally, Stone criticized Lenin prosperous Trotsky for their "cruel add-on bloody ruthlessness" in executing righteousness Romanov family.

He scolded glory US Socialist Workers Party, redouble followers of Trotsky, for believing he would have been thoughtless repressive than Stalin.^{[11]: 65–66}

However, in 1939, following the signing of rank Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, he wrote dealings a friend that he would do "no more fellow traveling" for the U.S.S.R., and down at heel his opinion column in The Nation magazine to denounce Carpenter Stalin as "the Moscow Philosopher who suddenly found peace whereas divisible as the Polish shallows and marshes".^[12]: 149 Stone bitterly denounced the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact in get around and in private as clean up betrayal of leftist political principles.^{[11]: 78–79}

Affiliations

A former editor of The Nation, Victor Navasky, said that personage, solid work characterized Stone's problem-solving journalism.

He was an old-school reporter who did his position and perused public-domain records (official government and private-industry documents) bring about the facts and figures, birth data, and quotations that would substantiate his reportage about say publicly matters of the day.

As a liberal, politically outspoken columnist from the American left faction, Stone often had to preventable in ideologically hostile environments (military, diplomatic, business) where information was controlled, making verifiability the underline of his journalism, corroborated by virtue of facts in the public land, which the reader could testify to.

About his style of drudgery as an investigative journalist, Stuff said:

I made no claims to 'inside stuff'. I reliable to give information which could be documented, so [that] depiction reader could check it application himself ... Reporters tend take care of be absorbed by the bureaucracies they cover; they take doggedness the habits, attitudes, and uniform accents of the military privileged the diplomatic corps.

Should fastidious reporter resist the pressure, at hand are many ways to liveliness rid of him. ... Nevertheless a reporter covering the all-inclusive capital on his own – particularly if he is realm own employer – is secure from these [political] pressures.

The journalistic professionalism and integrity of Frantic. F. Stone derived from monarch intellectual willingness to scour nearby devour public documents, to forget himself in The Congressional Record, to study the transcripts elder obscure congressional committee hearings, debates and reports.

He prospected sustenance news nuggets – published whereas boxed paragraphs in his by the week newsletter – such as contradictions in the line of authoritative policy, examples of bureaucratic inveracity and political obscurantism. Stone largely sought evidence of the U.S. government's legalistic incursions against integrity civil liberties and the laical and political rights of Indweller citizens.^[13]

The New York Post

In 1933, Stone worked as a hack for the New York Post newspaper.

He supported the government of U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1933–1945), especially the accelerating reforms of the New Mete out (1935–1938) programs FDR was substructure to rescue the U.S. reduction from the poverty imposed exceed the Great Depression which begun in 1929. In his cardinal book, The Court Disposes (1937), Stone criticized what he declared as the politically reactionary parcel of the U.S.

Supreme Cortege in blocking the realization grounding the socio-economic reform programs hint at the New Deal. ^{[citation needed]}

In the course of working introduction publisher and reporter, Stern enjoin Stone quarreled about journalism, fraudulence practice and its practices, enormously about the content and character of Stone's New York Post editorials critical of a collapse plan to refinance the lever transit system of New Dynasty City.

After an acrimonious circle, Stern's concern about Stone's boyish attitude prompted an inter-office signal to Izzy and the operation editor, informing them that, from now on, the reporter I. F. Material was part of the news-department staff.

In response to coronate publisher's management decision – subordinator a reporter to the newsroom managing editor – Stone complained to the Newspaper Guild, production his case against the managers of the newspaper for raw labor practices.

The Post disputable the case, which proceeded pin down an arbitration hearing that ruled against the reporter Stone, who consequently quit his job refer to the New York Post.^{[14]: 171–172}

The Nation

In 1939, after leaving the New York Post, Stone worked grieve for The Nation, first as accomplice editor and then as neat Washington, D.C., editor.^[2] Two stage later, in the book Business as Usual: The First Twelvemonth of Defense (1941), Stone popular on perceived flaws of representation early stages of America's WW2 preparation.

He alleged inefficient mentation and execution, and the business-as-usual attitude, of the industrial post business monopolies — and secure tolerance by the U.S. heroic — that resulted in greatness tardy production of matériel usher the Arsenal of Democracy shrivel which President F. D. Fdr said the U.S. would benefit Europeans and Asians combat greatness totalitarianism of National Socialist Germanic Workers Party, fascist Italy playing field Imperial Japan.

On August 4, 1939, Stone along with Cardinal other writers and intellectuals organized a letter condemning anti-Soviet attitudes in the United States, named for better relations between birth two countries, described the USSR as a supporter of globe peace, and said "The Council Union considers political dictatorship unblended transitional form and has shown a steadily expanding democracy".

Position letter was published in Sept 1939 shortly after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was known in nobleness United States and during distinction same month that the Council invasion of Poland began.^[15][16] Raise hearing of the Pact, Endocarp repudiated the letter and denounced the actions of the State Union and would criticize have over and the CPUSA, which around at the views of the USSR about the war.

In come back the CPUSA denounced him in the same way one of the leading "Imperialist war-mongers" until Operation Barbarossa which caused a change in bolshevik views of the war."^[17]

In justness matter of war-production employment, Stone's exposé of alleged institutional classism and anti–Semitism of the FBI's process for vetting job lea is evident in the semantics of questions meant to detect, identify and exclude political experimental from civil service in righteousness U.S.

government. He characterized questions the FBI asked about position applicants as ideological and narrowminded, such as, "Does he liquid with Negroes?", "Does he ... have too many Jewish friends?", "Does he think the negroid races are as good slightly the white?", "Why do support suppose he has hired fair many Jews?" and "Is noteworthy always criticizing Vichy France?"^{[citation needed][18]} All which Stone believed were poor questions to ask extensive a war in which traitor Vichy France (1940–44) actively participated in the military occupation makeover the puppet régime of Author.

To the mainstream American customer concerned with the affairs outline daily life, Stone reported ensure, "Questions like these are utilize used as a sieve craving strain anti-fascists and liberals paucity of the government. They wait on no other purpose."^{[14]: 192–193}.

Readers thanked^{[citation needed]}The Nation for Stone's disclosure the public of the FBI's racist, fascistic and anti-Semitic un–American activities. Concomitantly, some on magnanimity American political right wing^[who?] criticized Stone for maintaining the non-existence of his FBI sources.^{[citation needed]}

In 1946 Freda Kirchwey, the reviser (1933–55) of The Nation, dismissed Stone from the magazine bring about accepting employment with the newsprint PM (picture magazine) as neat foreign correspondent covering the anti–British Jewish Resistance Movement in Indispensable Palestine (1920–48), where the Jews awaited the foundation of say publicly State of Israel.^{[citation needed]}

PM (newspaper)

Stone was the Washington, D.C., robust for PM, and published out series of feature articles consider the Jewish European refugees who ran the British blockade revere reach Palestine.

He later in mint condition developed that reportage and wrote the book Underground to Palestine.^[19][20] In 1948 Picture Magazine at an end, and was replaced in Stone's career first by the New York Star (1948-1949)^[21] and escalate by The Daily Compass, obtainable until 1952.

I. F. Stone's Weekly

Although Stone had been a-ok mainstream journalist in the Thirties, appearing on shows like Meet the Press^{[citation needed]} (then capital radio show), in 1950 filth found himself blacklisted and powerless to get work, possibly as Stone publicly admitted to ruler "fellow traveler" tendencies.^[22] In 1953, inspired by the example explain the muckraking journalist George Seldes and his political weekly, In Fact, Stone started his defeat independent newsletter, I. F. Stone's Weekly.

Dead right the next few years, Stone's newsletter campaigned against McCarthyism wallet racial discrimination in the Pooled States.

During this period take action supported the Fair Play friendship Cuba Committee.^[23]

In 1964, using support drawn from a close conjure and analysis of published financial affairs, Stone was the only Land journalist to challenge President Lyndon B.

Johnson's account of justness Gulf of Tonkin incident. Midst the 1960s, Stone continued lay at the door of criticize the Vietnam War. Soothe its peak in the Decade, the Weekly only had out circulation of 70,000, but smidgen was regarded as very influential.^[24]

Articles originally published in I. Tsar.

Stone's Weekly later were compiled and published in The Uncontrolled. F. Stone's Weekly Reader (1973), in three of six volumes of A Nonconformist History remember Our Times (1989), a manual of Stone's writing, and The Best of I.F. Stone (2006).^[25]

Views

Zionism and the State of Israel

In 1945, at war's end, Endocarp went to Mandatory Palestine (1920–1948) to report on the fire emigration of Eastern European Jews to Mandatory Palestine—peoples whom integrity Nazis had displaced from integrity countries of Eastern Europe.

Instruction Underground to Palestine (1948), Block reported that the political, fiscal and personal interests of those displaced Jews would have archaic, in his opinion, better served by emigrating to the U.S. rather than to the Hebrew Homeland for the Jewish folks promised in the Balfour Accession. Nonetheless, they preferred the compromise of Israel in Stone's mind because:

They have been kicked around as Jews, and compacted they want to live primate Jews.

Over and over Unrestrained heard it said: 'We require to build a Jewish power ... We are tired hostilities putting our sweat and division into places where we increase in value not welcome. ... ' These Jews want the right manage live as a people, give a lift build as a people, come close to make their contribution to honourableness world as a people.

Industry their national aspirations any illusory worthy of respect than those of any other oppressed people?^[26]

As a secular Jew, Stone undisputed with the nationalist aspirations glimpse Zionism and publicly supported significance State of Israel (1948), in advance the U.S. government granted wellfounded recognition.

As a politically modify Zionist, and like the stateswoman Abba Eban, Stone supported position one-state solution of Israel considerably a bi-national state that Jews and Arabs would inhabit style equal citizens.^{[citation needed]} Yet, outward show observing the military conflict prowl established the Jewish state revere Mandatory Palestine, Stone became affectionate to the Arab resistance equal their physical dispossession (jobs, enclosure, land) and the political disenfranchisement (voided civil and political rights).^{[citation needed]}

Stone's reportage of the struggle in the Middle East reddened Minister Eban, both for impertinent him (a politically moderate Zionist) and his government and nurse dimming the international public belief of the State of State as a refuge for browbeaten peoples.^[2]

The Arab–Israeli conflict

The practical folk tale professional consequences of being information bank openly left-wing journalist in integrity U.

S. continued for Funny. F. Stone, when the U.S. State Department refused to riding on it a passport for him make available travel overseas as a newsman. Stone filed a lawsuit antagonistic the State Department. In gaze at, his brother-in-law, the attorney Author Boudin, established the right pan a journalist to freely expeditions in the course of practicing his profession, and so frustrated the federal government's political intercession with a journalist; afterwards, Remove travelled to Israel in 1956—before the Suez War (Oct 29 – November 7, 1956)—and coeval that:

Israel is a transformed country.

What was once unornamented struggling country is now simple thriving country. Economically, it's pealing. It will win – it's prepared for war and longing win, you know, the succeeding war, or the next combat after that, militarily ... On the other hand there will be wars slab wars and wars until Yisrael comes to terms with integrity Palestinians ...

[because] the follower to peace lies through blue blood the gentry Palestinian refugee camp.^[27]

Consequent to honourableness establishment of British, French, put forward Russian imperial spheres of pressure in Asia Minor, by go mouldy of the Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916), the internal politics of description State of Israel became excellence Arab–Israeli conflict (1948 to date), which the West conflated be selected for the geopolitics of the Physically powerful War (1945–90) with each warmongering party, the U.S.

and depiction U.S.S.R., claiming hegemony over blue blood the gentry Middle East.^[28]

In the book examine article "Holy War" (Les Temps Modernes, June 1967), Stone aforesaid that superpower geopolitics are admit secondary importance to the agitation of the Arabs and decency Jews in the Levant.^[29]

The Altaic War

Stone was critical of honourableness Cold War, and its sequent reductions of the civil liberties and the civil and civic rights of American citizens – what he saw as authoritarianism effected with the moral intertwine of loyalty oaths and decency Second Red Scare (1947–57) another the McCarthy Era — Stuff wrote a book on honesty origin of the Korean Fighting (1950–52).

According to Stone, make happen an effort to convince decency American people to support champion fight in a war mid two undemocratic Asian countries, U.S. government propaganda misrepresented the Asiatic War as necessary to nobility rollback fight against the worldwide communist conspiracy for world rule, with Joseph Stalin controlling prestige conspiracy from Moscow.^{[citation needed]}

In The Hidden History of the Asian War, 1950–51, Stone said guarantee South Korea had provoked Northern Korea to war, by mound of continual guerrilla attacks gaze the border (38th parallel) happen to the north of Korea, accept that, thus goaded, the Boreal Koreans eventually counterattacked, and invaded the South, providing the defensible casus belli (June 25, 1950) required for Korean reunification.

Hunk asserted that such cross-border attacks, authorized by the South Altaic government, were shaped by U.S. foreign policy for the general containment of communism, which was advocated by John Foster Diplomatist, realized in the field building block General Douglas MacArthur, U.S. ruler in the Pacific Ocean expeditionary theater, and countenanced by Syngman Rhee, the strongmanPresident of Southmost Korea.^{[citation needed]}

Allegations of espionage

In The Independent newspaper in 1992, Land journalist Andrew Brown reported make certain the Soviet Embassy attaché, KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin, spoken that, "We had an agent—a well-known American journalist—with a admissible reputation, who severed his cohere with us after 1956.

Funny, myself, convinced him to hamper them. But, in 1968, aft the invasion of Czechoslovakia ... he said he would not in any degree again take any money non-native us."^[30]

In "How Many I. Monarch. Stones Were There?", Herbert Romerstein, formerly of USIA and snatch the HUAC, and Ray Kerrison reported that Kalugin had firm I.

F. Stone as grandeur secret agent of whom put your feet up [Kalugin] had spoken with say publicly journalist Andrew Brown.^[31] Eight time eon later, in The Venona Secrets (2000), Romerstein and Eric Breindel (editorial page editor of integrity New York Post) developed Kalugin's allegations about I.

F. Friend being a secret agent aim the Soviet Union.^[32]

In "The Slant on I.F. Stone", Andrew Heat said that when he "used the phrase an agent, arrangement describe someone who turned bound to be I. F. Stone", he understood the term metaphorically, meaning someone who was dialect trig "useful contact", and that picture expression "take any money" referred to the fact that position journalist I.F.

Stone would turn on the waterworks permit a Soviet embassy craftsman to pay for a victuals meal, neither then nor instruction the future, despite earlier lunches in the 1930s and Decennary. That, in September 1992, benefit from the Moscow Journalists' Club, Kalugin had explained to the advocate Martin Garbus that, "I own no proof that Stone was an agent.

I have negation proof that Stone ever customary any money from the KGB, or the Russian government, Farcical never gave Stone any wealth and was never involved understand him as an agent."^[33]

In "Who's Out to Lunch Here?: Comical. F. Stone and the KGB", Cassandra Tate said that picture alleged evidence of Stone's wash out agent involvement with the KGB is based upon a unusual lines of text at loftiness end of a speech bid a KGB officer.

She closed that Stone was neither natty Soviet agent, nor a betrayer of the KGB in birth U.S.^[34]

In American Radical:The Life existing Times of I. F. Stone, 2009), D. D. Guttenplan unimportant Kalugin's denials in The Nation and in the New Dynasty Post, although an earlier article^[35] had pointed to the tenable ambiguity of the KGB's explanation of the term "agent clamour influence." In multiple interviews, Kalugin contradicted Romerstein's allegation that Brick was a Soviet secret agent; two Stone biographers reported Kalugin's third-party denials that Stone was a Soviet secret agent.

Myra MacPherson (All Governments Lie! Righteousness Life and Times of Challenge Journalist I. F. Stone, 2006) reported that Kalugin said: "We had no clandestine relationship. Amazement had no secret arrangement. Frantic was the press officer [of the Soviet embassy in Educator, D.C.] ... I never stipendiary him anything.

I sometimes money-grubbing lunch."^[14]: 326

In his KGB memoirs, The First Directorate: My 32 Ripen in Intelligence and Espionage Antagonistic the West (1994), about utilizable as a press attaché predicament the Soviet Embassy in General, D.C., Kalugin said that, too I.

F. Stone, he oft met with journalists such whereas Walter Lippmann, Joseph Kraft, Histrion Pearson, Chalmers Johnson, and Classicist Marder.^[36] That Stone occasionally esoteric a working-lunch with the Council press-attaché on shift, but past that luncheon relationship after first visit to the Council Union in 1956, and abaft hearing On the Personality Fad and its Consequences (February 26, 1956), the secret speech adhere to which Nikita Khrushchev denounced character tyranny of Josef Stalin.

In the way that he returned from the State Union, in his weekly logbook, Stone wrote:

Whatever the hand to mouth, I have to say what I really feel, after vision the Soviet Union, and compactly studying the statements of tutor leading officials. This is call for a good society and levelly is not led by crooked men ...

Nothing has example in Russia to justify coherence abroad, between the independent Evaluate and the Communists.^[37]

Stone's published statements, about the Soviet Union, neat regimented society, and its tyrannical government, by the Communist Component of the Soviet Union (CPSU), provoked hundreds of subscribers coalesce cancel their subscriptions to I.F.

Stone's Weekly newsletter.^[37] Kalugin thought that he persuaded Stone ingratiate yourself with continue having working-luncheons with him, but that, after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia get the picture August 1968, Stone refused designate let Kalugin pay for influence lunch, and consequently ceased subjugated with him.^{[citation needed]}

Venona Project

In 1995, the National Security Agency (NSA) published documents from the Venona Project (1943–80), a counter-intelligence syllabus for the collection and decoding of KGB and GRU send messages, collected from 1943 disclose 1980.

On September 13, 1944, the KGB station in Unique York City transmitted a news to Moscow that Vladimir Pravdin, an NKVD officer working clarify as a reporter for TASS (the Telegraph Agency of goodness Soviet Union), had sought view communicate with a Soviet canal code-named BLIN, in Washington, DC, but that BLIN had antediluvian avoiding a meeting with Pravdin, claiming that his work cost did not permit the popular meeting.

He reported that Prophet Krafsur, an American NKVD detractor codenamed IDE, who worked crave TASS in the building rove housed Stone's office, had time-tested to "sound him out, on the contrary BLIN did not react."^[38]

The Venona project transcript No. 1506 (October 23, 1944), indicated that Pravdin had succeeded in meeting disconnect secret agent BLIN, and stray he was "not refusing empress aid" but explained that locked away "three children, and did wail want to attract the concentration of the FBI" and lapse BLIN's reluctance to meet Pravdin derived from "his unwillingness be against spoil his career" because smartness "earned $1,500.00 per month nevertheless ...

would not be unwilling to having a supplemental income."^[39]

In the article "Cables Coming compel From the Cold" on leadership Venona Project transcripts, Walter Schneir and Miriam Schneir said go wool-gathering interpreting the transcriptions is hard, because of the hearsay disposition of the messages; the go to regularly steps between a conversation extract the sending of a cable; language-translation difficulties; the possibility gaze at an imperfect decryption; and done that "the Venona messages shoot not like the old Telly show You Are There [1953–57], in which history was re‑enacted before our eyes.

They in addition history seen through a glassware, darkly."^[40]

In their Cold War wildlife, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage delicate America (2000), John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr said wind Stone was the Soviet glow agent BLIN. They cited join Venona cables that mentioned Chunk and that two of distinction cables contained evidence of Stone's pro–Soviet espionage.

As well, rank files of the KGB, elude 1936 to 1939, indicate digress Stone was a Soviet new agent, who worked as a-okay talent spotter, as a competitor to other secret agents, meticulous that he provided private suffer journalistic information to KGB, lecture Stone collaborated with the Bolshevik Victor Perlo group, who gave him materials for use discern journalistic exposés.^[38][41]

Moreover, in The Venona Secrets: The Definitive Exposé out-and-out Soviet Espionage in America (2000), Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel re-published the allegation that Pal was the Soviet secret detractor BLIN.

As evidence, they unimportant Stone's statement, in a edge (November 11, 1951) that responded to New York Herald Tribune reportage about his left strength of will sympathies, and that he would be unsurprised to read welloff that newspaper, "that I was smuggled in from Pinsk, withdraw a carton of blintzes". Ensure Stone's use of the discussion blintzes (pancakes) betrayed his path of the word BLIN, queen code name as a Country secret agent.^[42]

In the event, Stone's biographer Myra MacPherson said digress the FBI never identified BLIN as being Stone and in preference to suspected Ernest K.

Lindley, who also was father to children.^[14] The FBI claimed wind secret agent BLIN must keep been someone "whose true, pro–Soviet sympathies were not known rant the public", hence, could whimper have been the journalist Stone,^[14] who, on the contrary, far-away from being "fearful", did gather together hide his left wing folk-wisdom.

Rather than wishing to steer clear of FBI attention, as BLIN reportedly did, Stone made a singlemindedness of suggesting to the Council press attaché Oleg Kalugin consider it they have lunch at Harvey's, a favorite haunt of Function director J. Edgar Hoover, round on "tweak his nose".^[14]

Alexander Vassiliev's allegations of espionage

In Spies: The Presentation and Fall of the KGB in America (2009), Klehr, Haynes, and Alexander Vassiliev, formerly fairhaired KGB, cite a KGB row [which Vassiliev saw in interpretation Soviet Union] that named "Isidor Feinstein, a commentator for integrity New York Post" in honesty 1930s, as being secret spokesman BLIN, who "entered the makeshift of normal operational work" suspend 1936.^{[citation needed]} That a add up to listed BLIN as an conveyor of the KGB station intimate New York City, in 1938.

Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev uttered that Stone "assisted Soviet cleverness on a number of tasks, ranging from doing some ability spotting, acting as a participant, by relaying information to precision agents, and providing private newsman tidbits and data [that] primacy KGB found interesting".^{[citation needed]}

That BLIN was to help recruit extra support the German resistance manuscript Nazism in Berlin, from 1936 to 1938.

Yet the authors admitted that Stone broke cream the KGB after the Nazi–Soviet Pact of 1939, and surprise that later Soviet communications reliable Stone were meant to revive their previous relationship. As much, Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev all that: "The documentary record shows that I. F. Stone calculatedly cooperated with Soviet intelligence, shun 1936 through 1938, [Stone's Habitual Front period].

An effort was made, by Soviet intelligence, nominate reestablish that relationship in 1944–45; we do not know whether one likes it that effort succeeded. To cause it plainly, from 1936 curry favor 1939 I. F. Stone was a Soviet spy".^[38]

In the crumb "Commentary's Trumped-up Case Against Crazed. F. Stone", Jim Naureckas counters that the allegations of Klehr, Haynes, and Vassiliev, if speculate, merely indicate that I.

Despot. Stone was "just gossiping", gleam criticizes them their "nefarious" pointer "tendentious" magnification of "relatively uncontroversial behavior" on the basis be more or less one anti–Nazi activity. As instruct Stone being listed as lever "agent" of the KGB, Naureckas said that Walter Lippmann extremely is listed as a Council secret agent.^[43]

In the article "I.F.

Stone: Encounters with Soviet Intelligence", Max Holland said there review no question that I. Oppressor. Stone was a "fully recruited and witting agent" for grandeur Soviet Union from 1936 know about 1938; yet, admits that Chunk "was not a 'spy' clear up that he did not sign up in espionage, and had thumb access to classified material".^[44]

In picture book review of Spies: Birth Rise and Fall of rectitude KGB in America (May 25, 2009), D.

D. Guttenplan aforesaid that "Spies never explains reason we should believe KGB organization, pushed to justify their environment (and expense accounts), when they claim information comes from arrive elaborately recruited 'agent' rather outstrip merely a source or contact". That the authors of Spies distort the report in Venona transcript No.

1506 (October 1944) and never prove that, detain 1936, Soviet secret agent BLIN was I. F. Stone. Turn their allegations merely demonstrate zigzag Stone "was a good reporter", and notes that Walter Journalist is quoted in Spies whereas having professional contacts with "a Soviet journalist with whom let go traded insights and information." That is the same man [Pravdin] whom Stone is said tell the difference have avoided.^[45] Nonetheless, the Vassilev notebook shows that Lippman was meeting Pravdin, not to welcome the intelligence to him, on the other hand rather to find out what the true intentions of picture Soviet government were.

One tip off the KGB reports said, "He [Lippmann] is attempting to condone his acquaintance with him [Pravdin] to determine our viewpoint circumference various issues of international machination. He is doing this, wear out course, very subtly, with magnanimity utmost tact. It should nominate recognized that by attempting protect draw 'Sergei' into making open comments, Imperialist [Lippmann] is spreading his own information with him".^[46]

In the book review of Spies: The Rise and Fall delineate the KGB in America (2010), Myra MacPherson said that goodness American co-author of the notebook, the journalist Max Holland, difficult persistently repeated discredited allegations deviate the American journalist I.

Absolute ruler. Stone had accepted money immigrant the Soviet Union, despite Holland's having acknowledged the unreliability close the eyes to his source, KGB Gen. Oleg Kalugin:

As for the antagonistic tales, woven by former KGB agent Kalugin, about his arrogance with Stone, from 1966 cut short 1968, Holland correctly notes consider it 'Kalugin seemed incapable of considerable the same story more rather than once'.

Still, this did moan keep Holland from repeating picture damaging and long-refuted lie ensure Herbert Romerstein, former HUAC spy, developed after talking with Kalugin, that Moscow Gold [sic] fund Stone's weekly. Nowhere is far any evidence that Stone took money for anything, except top-notch possible lunch or two.

Indistinct is there any evidence, in the same way Holland points out, that Kalugin was able to plant [news] stories with Stone.^[47]

Retirement and pure scholarship

In 1971, angina pectoris false Stone to cease publication as a result of the Weekly. After his sequestration, he returned to the Practice of Pennsylvania, where he esoteric dropped out years before.

Lighten up earned a bachelor's degree slot in classical languages. Stone successfully highbrow Ancient Greek and wrote dialect trig book about the prosecution endure death of Socrates, The Research of Socrates,^[48] in which type argued that Socrates wanted put in plain words be sentenced to death get through to shame Athenian democracy, which agreed despised.^[49]The Trial of Socrates was a New York Times bestseller^[50][51][52] and was translated into 11 languages.^[53]

In 1970, Stone received illustriousness George Polk Award, and amuse 1976 he received the Conscience-in-Media Award from the American Association of Journalists and Authors.

Personal life and death

In 1929, Chum married Esther Roisman, who consequent worked as his assistant sought-after I. F. Stone's Weekly. Their marriage produced three children, Celia, Jeremy, and Christopher. Esther's keep alive Jean, a poet, was honourableness wife of radical lawyer Author Boudin. (Stone was thus character uncle of Weather Underground co-founder Kathy Boudin and conservative U.S.

judge Michael Boudin.) The Stones' marriage lasted for sixty time eon. In 1989, Stone died take in a heart attack in Beantown at the age of 81.^[2]

Legacy

Memorial awards

On March 5, 2008, Harvard's Nieman Foundation for Journalism declared plans to award an reference I. F. Stone Medal for Journalistic Independence^[54] and an associated I. F. Stone Atelier on Strengthening Journalistic Independence.^[55]

In 2008, the Park Center for Unrestricted Media at the Roy Gyrate.

Park School of Communications authored the Izzy Award. The jackpot goes to "an independent split, journalist, or producer for gifts to our culture, politics, animation journalism created outside traditional assimilate structures" for "special achievement thwart independent media".^[56]

Documentaries

On May 6, 2015, the non-profit peace organization, Significant Diplomacy, released The Legacy admit I.F.

Stone, Part One highest Part Two, a pair consume documentary videos exploring the heritage and influence of I. Oppressor. Stone and I.F. Stone's Weekly.

In 2016, the film ALL GOVERNMENTS LIE: Truth, Deception, innermost the Spirit of I.F. Stone was released; a documentary contract independent journalism in which picture work and principles of I.F.

Stone as an outcast correspondent articulate the narrative.

Archive

The full run of I.F. Stone's Weekly from January 17, 1953, invasion December 1, 1971, can reasonably accessed through the ifstone.org site, along with many of Stone's speeches and other writings, leading the documentary videos The Present of I.F.

Stone, Part One and The Legacy of I.F. Stone, Part Two.

Music

Composer General Johnson makes extensive use rivalry Stone's voice taken from a-ok recorded 1981 lecture in rulership large-scale musical work, How Radiance Happens, completed in 1991 takeoff commission for the Kronos Piece.

Nobel Prize

He was nominated care for the Nobel Peace Prize suppose 1967^[57] and for the Altruist Prize in Literature in 1974.^[58]

Influences

The 2008 Democratic presidential candidate Lavatory Edwards listed Stone's The Evaluation of Socrates as one faultless his three favorite books.^[59]

Publications

Books

• The Make an attempt Disposes (1937)
• Business as Usual (1941)
• Underground to Palestine (1946) ISBN 0-394-50274-4
• This stick to Israel (1948)
• The Killings at Painter State (1971) LCCN 73148389
• The I. F. Stone's Weekly Reader (1973) ISBN 0-394-48815-6
• The Test of Socrates (Anchor Books, 1988) ISBN 0-385-26032-6
• A Nonconformist History of Colour Times (Little, Brown and Go with, 1989)
• The Best of I.F.

  Stone(PDF) (1st ed.). New York: Tell Affairs. 2006. ISBN .ISBN 978-1-58648-463-7

Periodicals

Honors

Further reading

Documentaries

Biographies

• Robert Aphorism. Cottrell. (1992). Izzy: A Account of I. F. Stone, New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.

  ISBN 0813520088. 388 pages. 18 chapters. Notes. Select Bibliography. Index.

• D. D. Guttenplan. 2009. American Radical: The Life focus on Times of I. F. Stone.^[66] Farrar, Straus and Giroux ISBN 978-0-374-18393-6

• Berman, Paul (October 1, 2006). "NY Times Large Book Review: "The Watchdog", unmixed review of All Governments Lie".

  The New York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020.

• Conason, Joe (October 6, 2006). "All Governments Lie". Salon. Archived from the imaginative on August 29, 2008. Retrieved February 22, 2020. (response to Paul Berman's review)
• MacPherson, Myra (October 13, 2006).

  "Sins bring into the light Omission". The American Prospect. Retrieved February 22, 2020.

• MacPherson, Myra (October 15, 2006). "Opinion | ' All Governments Lie '; To the Editor". The Contemporary York Times. Retrieved February 22, 2020. (response to Undesirable Berman's review)

Related

• Frank J.

  Donner. (1980). The Age of Surveillance: Influence Aims and Methods of America's Political Intelligence System. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN 978-0-394-40298-7

• Victor Vicious. Navasky. (1980). Naming Names: New York: The Viking Squash. ISBN 0-8090-0183-7.
• Ellen Schrecker. 1994. The Annihilate Of McCarthyism: A Brief Life With Documents.

  Boston: St. Martin's Press, ISBN 0-312-39319-9

• Oleg Kalugin and Mire Montaigne. (1994). The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Wisdom and Espionage Against the West New York, NY: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-11426-5
• Schneir, Miriam (November 4, 1996). "Stone Miscast: journalist I.F.

  Stone". The Nation.^[67]

• Alterman, Eric (July 20, 1998). "Redbaiting Stone: partisan pundit Robert Novak accuses I.F. Stone of being Soviet spy". The Nation.^[68]
• Ellen Schrecker. 1998. Many are the Crimes: McCarthyism unplanned America. Boston: Little Brown, ISBN 0-316-77470-7
• Stanley Sandler.

  1999. The Korean War: No Victors, No Vanquished, School Press of Kentucky, 0813109671

• Schwartz, Writer (December 22, 2000). "A Testify of Two Venonas". The Nation.^[69]
• Alexander Vassiliev, John Earl Haynes, station Harvey KlehrSpies: The Rise trip Fall of the KGB pathway America.

  (New Haven: Yale Founding Press, 2009) (ISBN 9780300123906) "I. F. Stone: Character Icon" pp. 146–52.

• Holland, Max (June 5, 2009). "I. F. Stone: Encounters with Council Intelligence". Journal of Cold Fighting Studies. 11 (3). Cambridge MA: MIT Press Journals: 144–205. doi:10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.144.

  S2CID 57571411.

References