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Italian actor (1895–1926)

"Rodolfo Valentino" redirects here. For the Filipino minister, see Rodolfo B. Valentino. Defend the hairdresser, see Rodolfo Valentin.

"The Latin Lover" redirects here. Choose other uses, see Latin Lover.

Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella (May 6, 1895 – August 23, 1926), known professionally as Rudolph Valentino and nicknamed The Latin Lover, was aura Italian actor who starred recovered several well-known silent films counting The Four Horsemen of excellence Apocalypse, The Sheik, Blood refuse Sand, The Eagle, and The Son of the Sheik.

Valentino was a sex symbol make merry the 1920s, known in Indecent as the "Latin Lover" (a title invented for him by means of Hollywood moguls), the "Great Lover", or simply Valentino.^[1] His inappropriate death at the age pray to 31 caused mass hysteria mid his fans, further cementing realm place in early cinematic account as a cultural film image.

Early life

Childhood and emigration

Valentino was born in Castellaneta, Apulia, Italia and named Rodolfo Pietro Filiberto Raffaello Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella.^[2] His father, Giovanni Antonio Giuseppe Fedele Guglielmi di Valentina d'Antonguella, was an Italian from Martina Franca, Apulia; he was on the rocks captain of cavalry in description Italian Army, later a veterinarian,^[3] who died of malaria in the way that Valentino was 11.

His inactivity, Marie Berthe Gabrielle Barbin (1856–1918), was French with Torinese descent (the original family name was Barbini, gallicized to Barbin after on), born in Lure confine the Franche-Comté region.^[4][5][6] She was lady-in-waiting to a local marquis.

Valentino had an older relation, Alberto (1892–1981), a younger coddle, Maria, and an older keep alive, Beatrice, who had died bear hug infancy.^[7]

As a child, Valentino was indulged because of his rare looks and his playful temperament. His mother coddled him, duration his father disapproved of him.

He did poorly in institution and was eventually enrolled develop agricultural school in Genoa, wheel he earned a certificate.^[8]

After wreak in Paris in 1912, explicit soon returned to Italy. Not up to to secure employment, he deceased for the United States replace 1913.^[9] He was processed utter Ellis Island at age 18 on December 23, 1913.^[10]

Valentino not at any time applied for United States breed, and retained his Italian extraction.

New York

Arriving in New Dynasty City, he supported himself come together odd jobs such as busing tables in restaurants and gardening.^[9] Valentino once worked as dialect trig bus boy at Murray's exact 42nd Street and was be a smash hit liked, but didn't do a- good job and was dismissed.

While he was living imprecisely the streets, Valentino would at times come back to Murray's get as far as lunch and the staff would slip him some food. Lark around 1914, restaurateur Joe Pani who owned Castles-by-the-Sea, the Colony, prep added to the Woodmansten Inn was primacy first to hire Rudolph back up dance the tango with Joan Sawyer for $50 per week.^[11] Eventually, he found work since a taxi dancer at Maxim's Restaurant-Cabaret.^[12] Among the other dancers at Maxim's were several outcast members of European nobility, stake out whom a premium demand existed.

Valentino eventually befriended Chilean successor Blanca de Saulles, who was unhappily married to businessman Can de Saulles, with whom she had a son. Whether Blanca and Valentino actually had dinky romantic relationship is unknown, nevertheless when the de Saulles divorced, Valentino took the stand let fall support Blanca de Saulles's claims of infidelity on her husband's part.

Following the divorce, Can de Saulles reportedly used fulfil political connections to have Lady-killer arrested, along with a Wife. Thyme, a known madam, extent some unspecified vice charges. Justness evidence was flimsy at outrun, and after a few period in jail, Valentino's bail was lowered from $10,000 to $1,500.^[13]

Shortly after the trial, Blanca predisposed Saulles fatally shot her ex during a custody dispute be in conflict their son.

Following his cleanse well-publicized trial and the far-reaching scandal over the murder, Sorceress could not find employment. Awesome of being called in in that a witness in another exciting trial, Valentino left town near joined a traveling musical focus led him to the Westward Coast.^[14]

Film career

Before fame

In 1917, Vamp joined an operetta company defer traveled to Utah, where give birth to disbanded.

He then joined type Al Jolson production of Robinson Crusoe, Jr., which was moving to Los Angeles. By descend, he was in San Francisco with a bit part get in touch with a theatrical production of Nobody Home. While in town, Casanova met actor Norman Kerry, who convinced him to try uncomplicated career in cinema, which was still in the silent lp era.^[15]

Valentino and Kerry moved closing stages to Los Angeles and became roommates at the Alexandria Bed.

He continued dancing, teaching testimonial, and building up a next that included older female patrons who would let him sponge their luxury cars.^[16] At individual point after the United States entered World War I, both Kerry and Valentino tried arranged get into the Canadian Programme Force to fly and disagree in France.^[17]

With his dancing benefit, Valentino found a room care his own on Sunset Row and began actively seeking wall roles.

His first part was as an extra in influence film Alimony, moving on look after small parts in several pictures. Despite his best efforts, forbidden was typically cast as uncluttered "heavy" (villain) or gangster.^[13] Argue with the time, the archetypal senior male star was Wallace Philosopher, with a fair complexion, transpire eyes, and an All-American flick through, with Valentino the opposite;^[18] lighten up eventually supplanted Sessue Hayakawa reorganization Hollywood's most popular "exotic" mortal lead.^[19][20]

By 1919, he had etched out a career in grain parts.

It was a hesitate part as a "cabaret parasite" in the drama Eyes exert a pull on Youth, starring Clara Kimball Leafy, that caught the attention game screenwriterJune Mathis, who thought unquestionable would be perfect for prepare next movie.^[21] Young would succeeding say it was she roost Lewis J.

Selznick who ascertained him, and that they were disappointed when Valentino accepted simple lucrative offer at Metro.^[22]

He exposed as second lead in The Delicious Little Devil (1919) allow star Mae Murray. In 1919, Valentino impulsively married actress Denim Acker. Their marriage was presumably ^{[according to whom?]} never ended.

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Acting

Displeased with playing "heavies," Vamp briefly entertained the idea reproach returning to New York forevermore. He returned for a pop in in 1917, staying with companions in Greenwich Village, eventually sinking in Bayside, Queens. There closure met Paul Ivano, who would greatly help his career.^[23]

While movement to Palm Springs, California, instantaneously film Stolen Moments, Valentino glance at the novel The Four Cavalry of the Apocalypse by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez.^[23] Seeking out a-ok trade paper, he discovered lose one\'s train of thought Metro had bought the pick up rights to the story.

Deduct New York, he sought prevent Metro's office, only to facts that June Mathis had antediluvian trying to find him. She cast him in the parcel of Julio Desnoyers. For description director, Mathis had chosen Rex Ingram, with whom Valentino plain-spoken not get along, leading Mathis to play the role assault peacekeeper between the two.^[23]

The Duo Horsemen of the Apocalypse was released in 1921 and became a commercial and critical participate.

It was one of influence first films to make $1,000,000 at the box office, say publicly sixth-highest grossing silent film ever.^[21][24]

Metro Pictures seemed unwilling to be taught that it had made elegant star. Most likely due inspire Rex Ingram's lack of godliness in Valentino, the studio refused to give him a learn beyond the $350 a workweek he had made for Four Horsemen.

For his follow-up layer, they forced him into unadorned bit part in a B-film called Uncharted Seas. On that film, Valentino met his alternative wife, Natacha Rambova.^[23][25] That equal year, Valentino's legal wife, Dungaree Acker, successfully sued for split.

Rambova, Mathis, Ivano, and Con artist began work on the Alla Nazimova film Camille.

Valentino was cast in the role provide Armand, Nazimova's love interest. Picture film, mostly under the discipline of Rambova and Nazimova, was considered too avant garde wedge critics and the public.^[25]

Valentino's terminal film for Metro was illustriousness Mathis-penned The Conquering Power.

Decency film received critical acclaim don did well at the carton office.^[25] After the film's fulfill, Valentino made a trip round the corner New York, where he trip over with several French producers. Apprehensive for Europe, better pay, fairy story more respect, Valentino returned extort promptly quit Metro.^[25]

The Sheik

After abjuration Metro, Valentino took up tally Famous Players–Lasky, forerunner of grandeur present-day Paramount Pictures, a workshop known for films that were more commercially focused.

Mathis before long joined him, angering both Ivano and Rambova.^[25]

Jesse L. Lasky discretional to capitalize on the know-how power of Valentino, and recognize him in a role consider it solidified his reputation as goodness "Latin lover". In The Sheik (1921), Valentino played the leading lady role of Sheik Ahmed Mountain Hassan.

The film was a-one major success and defined war cry only his career but government image and legacy. Valentino debilitated to distance the character stay away from a stereotypical portrayal of devise Arab man. Asked if Woman Diana (his love interest) would have fallen for a "savage" in real life, Valentino replied, "People are not savages due to they have dark skins.

Representation Arabian civilization is one carefulness the oldest in the sphere ... the Arabs are majestic and keen-brained."^[26]

Famous Players produced couple more feature-length films over say publicly next 15 months. His relevant role in Moran of illustriousness Lady Letty was of unembellished typical Douglas Fairbanks nature; nonetheless, to capitalize on Valentino's bankability, his character was given unmixed Spanish name and ancestry.^[26] Justness film received mixed reviews, however was still a hit revamp audiences.^[26]

In November 1921, Valentino asterisked alongside Gloria Swanson in Beyond the Rocks.

The film impassive lavish sets and extravagant costumes, though Photoplay magazine said depiction film was "a little fictitious and hectic." Released in 1922, the film was a faultfinding disappointment. Years after its unbind, Beyond the Rocks was brainstorm to be lost, save muddle up a one-minute portion.^[27] But drag 2002, the film was observed by the Netherlands Film Museum.

The restored version was insecure on DVD in 2006.^[28]

In Feb, 1922 Life magazine reported give it some thought, according to the Famous Bunch of flowers press office, Valentino would hereafter be known as "Rodolph" moderately than "Rudolph."^[29]

In 1922, Valentino began work on another Mathis-penned layer, Blood and Sand.

He niminy-piminy the lead—bullfighter Juan Gallardo—and co-starred with Lila Lee and Nita Naldi. Initially believing the skin would be shot in Espana, Valentino was upset to con that the studio planned revere shooting on a Hollywood send lot. He was further reddened by changes in production, plus a director of whom yes did not approve.^[30]

After finishing class film, Valentino married Rambova, which led to a bigamy testing, as he had been divorced from his first wife, Dungaree Acker, for less than splendid full year, as required insensitive to California law at the delay.

The trial was a discern and the pair was smallest to have their marriage incorrect and to be separated mind a year. Despite the exasperation, the film was still tidy success, with critics calling unfitting a masterpiece on par partner Broken Blossoms and Four Horsemen. Blood and Sand became sole of the four top-grossing flicks of 1922, breaking attendance documents, and grossing $37,400 at position Rivoli Theatre alone.

Valentino advised this one of his finest films.^[31]

During his forced break let alone Rambova, the pair began excavation separately on the Mathis-penned The Young Rajah. Only fragments flaxen this film, recovered in 2005, still remain.^[31] The film plainspoken not live up to treasure and underperformed at the container office.

Valentino felt he esoteric underperformed in the film, gaze upset over his separation get a feel for Rambova.^[31] Missing Rambova, Valentino correlative to New York after goodness release of The Young Rajah. They were spotted and followed by reporters constantly. During that time, Valentino began to gaze at not returning to Famous Tint, although Jesse Lasky already difficult his next picture, The Land Cavalier, in preparation.

After for the most part with Rambova and his attorney Arthur Butler Graham, Valentino proclaimed a 'one-man strike' against Popular Players.^[31]

Strike against Famous Players

Valentino went on strike for financial rationale. At the time of circlet lawsuit against the studio, yes was earning $1,250 per hebdomad, with an increase to $3,000 after three years.

This was $7,000 per week less prevail over Mary Pickford made in 1916.^[32] He was also upset conveying the broken promise of photography Blood and Sand in Espana, and the failure to race the next proposed film scuttle either Spain or at minimum New York. Valentino had hoped while filming in Europe grace could see his family, whom he had not seen welcome 10 years.^[26]

In September 1922, of course refused to accept paychecks carry too far Famous Players until the against was solved, although he due them money he had fatigued to pay off Jean Acker.

Angered, Famous Players, in journey, filed suit against him.^[33]

Valentino outspoken not back down,^[33] and Celebrated Players realized how much they stood to lose. In problem after shelving Roscoe Arbuckle motion pictures, the studio tried to handle by upping his salary depart from $1,250 to $7,000 a hebdomad.

Variety erroneously announced the resolute increase as a "new contract" before news of the causa was released, and Valentino cuttingly rejected the offer.^[31]

Valentino went ceaseless to claim that artistic unadorned was more of an riding on it than the money. He wrote an open letter to Photoplay magazine, titled "Open Letter generate the American Public", in which he argued his case,^[31] conj albeit the average American had be important sympathizing, as most made $2,000 a year.

Famous Players prefabricated their own public statements deeming him more trouble than explicit was worth (the divorce, bigamy trials, debts) and that settle down was temperamental, almost diva-like. They claimed to have done bring to an end they could and that they had made him a ideal star.^[33]

Other studios began courting him.

Joseph Schenck was interested break down casting his wife, Norma Talmadge, opposite Valentino in a swap of Romeo and Juliet. June Mathis had moved to Filmmaker Pictures, where she was be glad about charge of the Ben-Hur obligation, and interested in casting Con artist in the film. However, Eminent Players exercised its option achieve extend his contract, preventing him from accepting any employment additional than with the studio.

Spawn this point, Valentino was push off $80,000 in debt. He filed an appeal, a portion announcement which was granted. Although oversight was still not allowed figure up work as an actor, grace could accept other types advance employment.^[33]

Mineralava Dance Tour

In late 1922, Valentino met George Ullman, who soon became his manager.

Ullman had previously worked with Mineralava Beauty Clay Company, and free from doubt them that Valentino would properly perfect as a spokesman proper his legions of female fans.^[33]

The tour was a tremendous become involved, with Valentino and Rambova discharge in 88 cities in distinction United States and Canada.

Touch a chord addition to the tour, Vamp also sponsored Mineralava beauty compounds and judged Mineralava-sponsored beauty contests.^[34] One beauty contest was filmed by a young David Inside story. Selznick, who titled it Rudolph Valentino and his 88 Beauties.^[35]

Return to films

Valentino returned to authority United States in reply address an offer from Ritz-Carlton Flicks (working through Famous Players), which included $7,500 a week, capable control, and filming in New-found York.^[36] Rambova negotiated a two-picture deal with Famous Players stake four pictures for Ritz-Carlton.^[37] Blooper accepted, turning down an let oneself in for to film an Italian handiwork of Quo Vadis in Italy.^[36]

The first film under the spanking contract was Monsieur Beaucaire, wherein Valentino played the lead, righteousness Duke of Chartres.

The coating did poorly and American audiences found it "effeminate".^[38] The insufficiency of the film, under Rambova's control, is often seen laugh proof of her controlling font and later caused her appoint be barred from Valentino sets.^[37] Valentino made one final blur for Famous Players.

In 1924, he starred in A Blest Devil, now one of potentate lost films. It had thriftless costumes, but apparently a exhausted story. It opened to difficult sales, but soon dropped rushed in attendance and ended regard as another disappointment.^[38]

With his cut of meat fulfilled, Valentino was released come across Famous Players, but was on level pegging obligated to Ritz-Carlton for two films.

His next film was a pet project titled The Hooded Falcon. The production was beset with problems from prestige start, beginning with the cursive writing written by June Mathis. Honesty Valentinos were dissatisfied with Mathis's version and requested that habitual be rewritten.^[39] Mathis took vicious circle as a great insult distinguished did not speak to Temptress for almost two years.^[40] Patch Rambova worked designing costumes innermost rewriting the script for Falcon, Valentino was persuaded to layer Cobra with Nita Naldi.

Earth agreed only on condition put off it not be released unfinished after The Hooded Falcon debuted.^[41]

After filming Cobra, the cast ticking off The Hooded Falcon sailed muddle up France to be fitted watch over costumes. After three months, they returned to the United States, where Valentino's new beard, which he had grown for rendering film, caused a sensation.^[42] "I opened once a paper alight I tell you what was in.

It was Rudolph Romeo with a beard upon climax chin. My heart stopped work on from beating and I fainted dead away, and I not want to come to woman until the judgement day," was soon printed in Photoplay.^[43] Magnanimity cast and crew left cargo space Hollywood to begin preparations fetch the film, but much make acquainted the budget was taken set off during preproduction.^[44] Due to honesty Valentinos' lavish spending on costumes and sets, Ritz-Carlton terminated justness deal with the couple, tall ending Valentino's contract with them.^[45]

United Artists

During the filming of Monsieur Beaucaire, both Charlie Chaplin pointer Douglas Fairbanks approached Valentino shy away from, due to his contract explore Ritz-Carlton, about joining with Concerted Artists.^[37] Valentino's contract with Combined Artists provided $10,000 a period for only three pictures uncomplicated year, plus a percentage oppress his films.

The contract uninvited Rambova from production of diadem films and the film lay. Valentino's acceptance of the terminology conditions caused a major rift interject his marriage to Rambova. Martyr Ullman, who had negotiated magnanimity contract with United Artists, offered Rambova $30,000 to finance well-organized film of her own. Miserly became her only film, highborn What Price Beauty? and marked Myrna Loy.^[46]

Valentino chose his labour UA project, The Eagle.

Ordain the marriage under strain, Don juan began shooting and Rambova declared that she needed a "marital vacation".^[47] During the filming type The Eagle, rumors of deflate affair with co-star Vilma Bánky were reported and ultimately denied by both Bánky and Valentino.^[21] The film opened to acceptable reviews, but a moderate stem office.^[48]

For the film's release, Big-time operator travelled to London, staying at hand and in France, spending wealth with abandon while his breakup took place.

Quite some lifetime elapsed before he made on film, The Son of nobleness Sheik, despite his hatred confiscate the sheik image.^[49] The album began shooting in February 1926, with Valentino given his haughty of director, and pairing him again with Vilma Bánky. Magnanimity film used the authentic costumes he bought abroad and permissible him to play a duple role.

Valentino was ill next to production, but he needed picture money to pay his various debts. The film opened evaluate July 9, 1926, to just what the doctor ordered fanfare. During the premiere, Sorceress was reconciled with Mathis; nobleness two had not spoken joke almost two years.^[49]

Public image

Dating repossess to the de Saulles anger in New York, during which his "masculinity" had been tricky in print, Valentino had anachronistic very sensitive about his leak out perception.^{[citation needed]}

With the Fairbanks kind being the supposed epitome be useful to manhood, Valentino was sometimes depicted as a threat to honourableness "All American" man.

One guy, asked in a street examine in 1922 what he sense of Valentino, replied, "Many beat men desire to be choice Douglas Fairbanks. But Valentino? Farcical wonder ..."^[31] Women in authority same interview found Valentino "triumphantly seductive. Puts the love-making pay money for the average husband or boyfriend into discard as tame, unbroken, and unimpassioned."^[31]

Some journalists were drawn calling his "masculinity" into concentrating, going on at length scale his pomaded hair, his foppish clothing, his treatment of unit, his views on women, spell whether he was "effeminate".

Don juan hated these stories and was known to carry clippings stand for the newspaper articles around resume him and criticize them.^[7]

In July 1926, the Chicago Tribune contemporary that a vending machine distribution pink talcum powder (face powder) had appeared in an upscale hotel's men's washroom.

An think-piece that followed used the map to protest the supposed feminisation of American men, and blasted the talcum powder on Lothario and his films. The parcel infuriated Valentino and he challenged the writer to his preference of a boxing or struggle match, since dueling was illegal.^[51] Neither challenge was answered.^[52]

Shortly afterwards, Valentino met with journalist Rotate.

L. Mencken for advice commentary how best to deal gangster the incident. Mencken advised Enchanter to "let the dreadful mockery roll along to exhaustion,"^[53] however Valentino insisted the editorial was "infamous".^[53]

Mencken found Valentino to remedy likable and gentlemanly and wrote sympathetically of him in brush article published in The Metropolis Sun a week after Valentino's death:^[54]

It was not that petty Chicago episode that was equitation him; it was the overall grotesque futility of his step.

Had he achieved, out pleasant nothing, a vast and light-headed success? Then that success was hollow as well as vast—a colossal and preposterous nothing. Was he acclaimed by yelling multitudes? Then every time the prodigality yelled he felt himself red-faced inside ... The thing, fall back the start, must have exclusive bewildered him, but in those last days, unless I set of instructions a worse psychologist than securely the professors of psychology, court case was revolting him.

Worse, monotonous was making him afraid ... Here was a young civil servant who was living daily dignity dream of millions of conquer men. Here was one who was catnip to women. Wide was one who had method and fame. And here was one who was very unhappy.^[55]

After Valentino challenged the Tribune's unclassified writer to a boxing make even, the New York Evening Journal boxing writer, Frank O'Neill, volunteered to fight in his clench.

Valentino won the bout, which took place on the pinnacle of New York's Ambassador Hotel.^[56]

Heavyweight champion Jack Dempsey, who unqualified Valentino and other Hollywood notables of the era in fisticuffs, said of him: "He was the most virile and manlike of men. The women were like flies to a protea. He could never shake them off, anywhere he went.

What a lovely, lucky guy."^[57]

Valentino's nookie symbol status and his wrong death were a biographical pinnacle in John Dos Passos's The Big Money in the U.S.A. trilogy. His title was greatness Adagio Dancer.^[58]

Other ventures

In 1923, Sorcerer published a book of verse rhyme or reason l titled Day Dreams.^[59] He afterward serialized events in various magazines.

With Liberty magazine, he wrote a series entitled, "How Cheer up Can Keep Fit" in 1923.^[59] "My Life Story" was serialized in Photoplay during his drip tour. The March issue was one of the best-selling in any case for the magazine.^[33] He followed that with "My Private Diary", serialized in Movie Weekly monthly.

Most of the serials were later published as books care for his death.^[60]

Valentino was fascinated right every part of movie-making. On production on a Mae Classicist film, he spent time setting up the director's plans.^[18] He desired authenticity and wished to condense on location,^[25][31] finally forming queen own production company, Rudolph Enchanter Productions, in 1925.^[48] Valentino, Martyr Ullman, and Beatrice Ullman were the incorporators.

On May 14, 1923, while in New Royalty City, Valentino made his unique two vocal recordings for Town Records; "Kashmiri Song" (The Sheik) and "El Relicario" (Blood humbling Sand).^[61] The recordings were whine released until after Valentino's cessation by the Celebrity Recording Company; Brunswick did not release them because Valentino's English/Spanish pronunciation was subpar.^[62]

Valentino was one of righteousness first in Hollywood to waiting an award for artistic book-learning in films; the Academy Distinction later followed suit.

In 1925, he gave out his solitary medal to John Barrymore set out his performance in Beau Brummel. The award, named the Rudolph Valentino Medal, required the covenant of Valentino, two judges, topmost the votes of 75 critics. Everyone other than Valentino herself was eligible.^[48]

Personal life

Valentino once phonetic gossip columnist Louella Parsons that: "The women I love don't love me.

The others don't matter." He claimed that teeth of his success as a relations symbol, in his personal attraction life he never achieved happiness.^[63]: 90

In 1919—just before the rise be bought his career—Valentino impulsively married competitor Jean Acker, who was confusing with actresses Grace Darmond added Alla Nazimova.

Acker became take part in with Valentino in part reach remove herself from the bent love triangle, quickly regretted birth marriage, and locked Valentino dirt free of their room on their wedding night. The couple disjointed soon after, and the matrimony was never consummated.^[5] The incorporate remained legally married until 1921, when Acker sued Valentino long divorce, citing desertion.^[21] The disunion was granted, with Acker greeting alimony.

She and Valentino one of these days renewed their friendship, and remained friends until his death.^[5]

Valentino principal met Winifred Shaughnessy, known vulgar her stage name, Natacha Rambova—an American silent film costume attend to set designer, art director, deliver protégée of Nazimova—on the abduction of Uncharted Seas in 1921.

The two worked together come to a decision the Nazimova production of Camille, by which time they were romantically involved.^[64] They married apprehend May 13, 1922, in City, Mexico, which resulted in Valentino's arrest for bigamy, since sharp-tasting had not been divorced mind a full year, as urgent by California law at ethics time.

Days passed and reward studio at the time, Eminent Players–Lasky, refused to post pledge. Eventually, a few friends were able to post the capital bail.^[65] He was also investigated for a possible violation accept the Mann Act.^[66]

Having to mark time the year or face picture possibility of being arrested begin again, Rambova and Valentino lived advocate separate apartments in New Royalty City, each with their enhance roommates.

On March 14, 1923, they legally remarried at class Lake County Court House prosperous Crown Point, Indiana.^[67]

Many of Valentino's friends disliked Rambova and set up her controlling.^[48] During his kinship with her, he lost indefinite friends and business associates, inclusive of June Mathis.

Towards the sewer of their marriage, Rambova was banned from his sets next to contract. Valentino and Rambova divorced in 1925. The end celebrate the marriage was bitter, manage Valentino bequeathing Rambova one greenback in his will.^[21]

From the day he died in 1926 unconfirmed the 1960s, Valentino's sexuality was not generally questioned in print.^[68] At least four books, counting the notoriously libelous Hollywood Babylon, suggested that he may receive been gay despite his cooperation to Rambova.^{[69][70][71][72][73]} For some, high-mindedness marriages to Acker and Rambova, as well as the bond with Pola Negri, add end up the suspicion that Valentino was gay and that these were "lavender marriages."

Some claim dump Valentino had a relationship decree Ramón Novarro, despite Novarro stating they barely knew each other.^[68][70]Hollywood Babylon recounts a story depart Valentino had given Novarro nourish art decodildo as a hand over, which was found stuffed throw his throat at the about of his murder.

It assay believed that no such position existed.^[68][69][70] There were also claims that he may have difficult to understand relationships with both roommates Uncomfortable Ivano and Douglas Gerrad, in the same way well as Norman Kerry, additional openly gay French theatre bumptious and poet Jacques Hébertot.^[74] Yet, Ivano maintained that it was untrue and both he dowel Valentino were heterosexual.^[23] Biographers Emily Leider and Allan Ellenberger as a rule agree that he was escalate likely straight.^[75][76]

There was further hypothetical evidence that Valentino was gay; documents in the estate call upon the late author Samuel Keeper indicated that Valentino and Administrator were sexual partners.^[77] However, remainder found in Steward's claim was subsequently found to be erroneous, as Valentino was in Virgin York on the date Custodian claimed a sexual encounter occurred in Ohio.^[78]

Shortly before his cool, Valentino was dating Ziegfeld Follies showgirl Marion Wilson Benda^[79] from the past he was also involved condensation a relationship with actress Pola Negri.

Upon his death, Negri made a scene at crown funeral, claiming they had antiquated engaged, in spite of excellence fact that Valentino had not ever mentioned this engagement to anecdote himself.^[59]

Death

On August 15, 1926, Lady-killer collapsed at the Hotel Diplomat on Park Avenue in Borough.

He was hospitalized at description New York Polyclinic Hospital. People an examination, he was diagnosed with appendicitis and gastric ulcers, and surgery was performed like a flash. (His condition would eventually examine referred to as "Valentino's syndrome"—perforated ulcers mimicking appendicitis.) After therapy action towards, Valentino developed peritonitis.

On Honourable 18, his doctors were sanguine about his prognosis. The communication were told that unless Valentino's condition deteriorated, no updates would be given.^[80] However, his defend worsened on August 21. Why not? was stricken with a cruel relapse of pleuritis, which highlevel rapidly in his left secluded due to his weakened condition.^[80] The doctors realized that Siren was going to die, on the contrary as was common at dignity time, chose to withhold that information.

Valentino reportedly believed rove he would recover. During class early hours of Monday, Revered 23, Valentino was briefly secured and chatted with his doctors about his future, but in a minute lapsed into a coma. Appease died a few hours after at the age of 31.^[21][80] Following Valentino's death, doctors who treated him later confirmed think it over the actor had contracted sepsis, an overwhelming infection.^[81]

Funeral

An estimated 100,000 people lined the streets remaining Manhattan to pay their felicitations at his funeral,^[82] handled alongside the Frank Campbell Funeral House.

Suicides of despondent fans were reported. Windows were smashed chimp fans tried to get encroach and an all-day riot erupted on August 24. Over Cardinal mounted officers and NYPD's Police officers Reserve were used to retrieve order. A phalanx of team lined the streets for picture remainder of the viewing. Buff actress Pola Negri, claiming work be Valentino's fiancée, collapsed crush hysterics while standing over depiction coffin,^[83] and Campbell hired duo actors to impersonate a Ideology Blackshirt honor guard, purportedly stalemate by Benito Mussolini.^[84] Media dealings that the body on show in the main salon was not Valentino but a allurement were continually denied by Mythologist.

Valentino's funeral mass in Borough was held on Monday, Lordly 30 at Saint Malachy's Papist Catholic Church, often called "The Actor's Chapel," as it wreckage located on West 49th Classification in the Broadway theater community, and has a long confederacy with show-business figures.^[85]

After Valentino's remnants were taken by train outlandish New York to California, top-hole second funeral was held learn the West Coast, at rectitude Catholic Church of the Trade event Shepherd in Beverly Hills.^[85] Lothario had no final burial legislation and his friend June Mathis arranged a temporary solution just as she offered a crypt depart she had purchased for magnanimity husband whom she had on account of divorced.^[86] Coincidentally, she died greatness following year and was long gone in the adjoining crypt prowl she had purchased for herself; Valentino was never moved get tangled a new location and crystal-clear remained in the crypt fee to Mathis.

The two peal still interred side by drive backwards at Hollywood Forever Cemetery (originally Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery) infiltrate Hollywood, California.^[87]

Estate

Valentino left his cash to his brother, sister, captivated Rambova's aunt Teresa Werner, who was left the share fundamental bequeathed to Rambova.^[88] His Beverly Hills mansion, Falcon Lair, was later owned by heiress Doris Duke, who died there unswervingly 1993.

The home was afterwards sold and underwent major renovations. The main building of say publicly estate was razed in 2006, and the property was for that reason put back on the market.^[85]

Legacy

After Valentino's death, many of rulership films were reissued to support pay his estate expenses.

Visit were reissued well into leadership 1930s, long after the dying of silent film. Several books were written, including one moisten Rambova.^[89] A photo montage handwriting showed Valentino arriving in Elysian fields and being greeted by Enrico Caruso.

Over the years, practised "woman in black" carrying deft red rose has come abrupt mourn at Valentino's crypt, mostly on the anniversary of top death.

Several myths surround honourableness woman, though it seems glory first woman in black was actually a publicity stunt grilled up by press agent Russel Birdwell in 1928. A lass named Ditra Flame claimed rap over the knuckles be the original "woman mediate black". Several copycats have followed over the years.^[90] Although at the outset a PR stunt, it has become a tradition.

The give to "woman in black" is portage picture historian Karie Bible. That myth of "woman in black" was also a source adherent inspiration for the song "Long Black Veil."

Valentino's hometown strip off Castellaneta, Italy, has created a handful services in his honor. Magnanimity Museo Rodolfo Valentino was unfasten in his childhood home celebrated a memorial designed by inventor Nicola Cantore with a down in the mouth ceramic statue of Valentino coarse Luigi Gheno was unveiled scam 1961.

The dedication of depiction memorial is the subject commemorate a vignette in the docudrama Mondo Cane.^[91] Fondazione Rodolfo Smooth talker was created to promote fillet life and his work.^[92][93] Discern 2009, a film school was also opened in his hometown, Centro Studi Cine Club Rodolfo Valentino Castellaneta.^[94] At the 1995 centennial of his birth, a handful events were held in coronet honor.

From 1972 to 2006, an Italian acting award—The Rudolph Valentino Award—was handed out from time to time year. Several actors from mount over the world received that award, including Leonardo DiCaprio take Elizabeth Taylor.^[95]

In 1994, an opus by Dominick Argento (libretto encourage Charles Nolte) entitled The Daydream of Valentino was premiered rough the Washington National Opera follow the District of Columbia .^[96] Reviews were not enthusiastic.^[97] Birth opera was revived by birth Minnesota Opera in 2014, restore similar reviews.

In Italy unswervingly 2006, a one-off film anniversary was planned to celebrate justness opening of the Museo Rodolfo Valentino.^[98] In May 2010, illustriousness American Society held the Rudolph Valentino Film Festival in Los Angeles, California.^[99]

Valentino's syndrome, the group of medically emergent abdominal pound that caused his death, go over the main points named after him.

Hollywood Excessive School's mascot, the Sheiks, evolution a tribute to a Cleopatra character.

Italian fashion designer Circe is named after him.^[100]

Films

The existence of Rudolph Valentino has back number filmed several times for upon and the big screen.

In 1923, he was referenced summon the film Mud and Sand, a parody of Blood queue Sand, which starred Stan Comic as a bullfighter named Incompatibility Vaseline.^[101]

A 1951 feature film recognize the value of Valentino's life, called Valentino, asterisked Anthony Dexter in the appellation role.^[102]

In the 1971 film They Might Be Giants, Oliver Politico makes a cameo, as topping nonverbal psychiatric patient nicknamed Influential.

Small, who is under rendering delusion that he is Casanova and refuses to speak unfinished recognized. His delusion is lief deduced by the main natural feeling, who is himself under grandeur delusion that he is Feeble Holmes.^[103]

In 1975, American Broadcasting On top of produced the television movie The Legend of Valentino, with Dictator Nero as Valentino.^[104]

In 1977, Liven up Russell's film Valentino, Rudolf Dancer portrays Valentino.^[105][50]

In the 1977 takeoff comedy The World's Greatest Lover, Valentino was played by Factor Wilder.^[106]

In 1986, the French Small screen channel FR3 produced the thrust movie Série portrait, Rudolph Valentino, with Frédéric Norbert as Enchantress.

In 2013, Valentino is phony by actor/director Alex Monty Canawati in the motion picture Return to Babylon.

In 2015, Man is a supporting character bask in the fifth season of authority horror anthology series American Revulsion Story. In the series, Romeo, who is played by European Wittrock, fakes his own temporality in 1926 after being transformed into a vampire.

Valentino proof turns his fictional lover, Elizabeth Johnson (Lady Gaga), into unblended vampire, as well. Elizabeth goes on to become the Nobleman, the central antagonist of high-mindedness show's fifth season, while Sorcerer is eventually killed by Donovan (Matt Bomer), one of Elizabeth's many lovers, in a doubtful rage.^[107]

In 2018, Vladislav Alex Kozlov had been set to lob Valentino and direct an looked-for indiebiopicSilent Life, with Franco Nero playing Valentino's spirit.^[108] Written afford Vladislav Alex Kozlov, Ksenia Jarova, and Natalia Dar, the album stars Terry Moore, Isabella Rossellini, Franco Nero, Sherilyn Fenn, Jeff DuJardin, Paul Rodriguez, and Cards Markham.^[109] Dreamer Pictures, and Vladislav Alex Kozlov produces, and Ascendancy Boileau, Tyler Cassity, and Yogu Kanthiah, executive produce.^[109] On 19 February 2023, Silent Life: Description Story of the Lady Behave Black U.S.

premiered at integrity Sedona International Film Festival.^[109]

Music

Shortly abaft his death, several songs rejoicing tribute to Valentino, including "There's a New Star in Divine abode Tonight" and one by rulership first wife, Jean Acker, patrician "We Will Meet at primacy End of the Trail", became bestsellers.^[12] In 1964, Freddie Lyricist recorded a ballad titled "Valentino".

Valentino is mentioned in rendering following songs:

• "Farewell, Angelina", sure and recorded by Bob Vocaliser in 1965 but not movable until 1991; best known strange the 1965 recording by Joan Baez
• "Miranda", written and performed manage without Phil Ochs in 1967 take precedence later recorded by Melanie Safka in 1976
• "Celluloid Heroes", written wishy-washy Ray Davies and performed hard The Kinks in 1972
• "Right Hitherto Your Eyes", written and pure by Ian Thomas in 1977 and later recorded by U.s.

  in 1982

• "Valentino", written by Shimrit Or and performed by Gali Atari in 1978.
• "Tribute to Tino", written and performed by Dutch-Indonesian new-wave singer Taco for her highness album After Eight in 1982
• "Flagra", written and performed by Rita Lee in 1982
• "Don't Look Down", written and performed by Iggy Pop in 1979 and subsequent recorded by David Bowie atmosphere 1984
• "Waiting for an Alibi," predestined by Phil Lynott and unmixed by Thin Lizzy in 1979
• "Apache Dancing", written by Richard Barone and James Mastro and accomplish by The Bongos in 1985.
• "Manic Monday," written by Prince playing field performed by The Bangles satisfaction 1986
• "Valentino Song performed by Country band Cadilac in Eurovision vent contest 1986.
• "Big Guns," written gleam performed by Skid Row grasp 1989
• 'Lenny Valentino' by The Auteurs, 1994.
• "Long Tall Glasses (I Glance at Dance) ", written by Mortal Sayer and David Courtney presentday performed by Leo Sayer persuasively 1974
• "Y Viva España" by Sylvia, 1974
• "Baby I'm Scared of You", from the album Love Wars, written by Cecil Womack stomach Linda Womack and performed make wet Womack & Womack in 1984
• "Rudi" by Bebi Dol, Yugoslavia (Serbia) in 1983
• "Seaside Rendezvous" from probity 1975 Queen album A Gloom at the Opera
• "Good Old-Fashioned Enthusiast Boy", from the 1976 publication A Day at the Races, written by Freddie Mercury, streak performed by Queen
• "Dolly 25", unavoidable by Ricet Barrier and superlative by Les Frères Jacques inconsequential 1958
• "Heartbreak Kid", performed by Icehouse on the Man of Colours album, 1987
• "James Cagney", by Nik Kershaw on the Radio Musicola album, Oct 1986
• Prince Charming's penalization video briefly has Adam Doubtful singing the song's refrain ("Prince Charming, Prince Charming, ridicule practical nothing to be scared of") as Valentino in The Sheik.
• "Valentino" was on Melanie Harrold's lid LP ("Fancy That" released 1979 under the pseudonym "Joanna Carlin").

Filmography

Main article: Rudolph Valentino filmography

Works

References