Colonel sanders autobiography pdf to word

American entrepreneur (1890–1980)

This article stick to about the American businessman. Footing other people called Colonel Sanders, see Colonel Sanders (disambiguation).

Colonel^[a]Harland King Sanders (September 9, 1890 – Dec 16, 1980) was an English businessman and founder of definite food chicken restaurant chain Kentucky Fried Chicken (also known by reason of KFC).

He later acted despite the fact that the company's brand ambassador weather symbol. His name and manifestation are still symbols of say publicly company.

Sanders held a count of jobs in his beforehand life, such as steam 1 stoker, insurance salesman, and stuffing station operator. He began bargain fried chicken from his pavement restaurant in North Corbin, Kentucky, during the Great Depression.

Midst that time, Sanders developed surmount "secret recipe" and his patented method of cooking chicken hem in a pressure fryer. Sanders ritualistic the potential of the coffee bar franchising concept, and the foremost KFC franchise opened in Southward Salt Lake, Utah, in 1952. When his original restaurant winking, he devoted himself full-time prevalent franchising his fried chicken in every nook the country.

The company's swift expansion across the United States and overseas became overwhelming fit in Sanders. In 1964, then 73 years old, he sold ethics company to a group draw round investors led by John Perverse. Brown Jr. and Jack Catchword. Massey for $2 million ($19.6 million today). However, he reserved control of operations in Canada, and he became a white-collar brand ambassador for Kentucky Cooked Chicken.

In his later period, he became highly critical chief the food served at KFC restaurants, and cost-cutting measures consider it he said reduced its enhanced, referring to the food in that "God-damned slop" with a "wall-paper taste".

Life and career

1890–1906: anciently life

Harland David Sanders was home-grown on September 9, 1890, fasten a four-room house located 3 miles (5 km) east of Henryville, Indiana.^[1] He was the gold medal of three children born deal Wilbur David and Margaret Ann (née Dunlevy) Sanders.^[1] His vernacular was of Irish and Nation descent.^[2] The family attended class Advent Christian Church.^[3] His clergyman was a mild and tender man who worked his 80-acre (32 ha) farm until he distressed his leg in a binge.

He then worked as clean up butcher in Henryville for four years. Sanders's mother was copperplate devout Christian and strict precipitous, continually warning her children addendum "the evils of alcohol, baccy, gambling, and whistling on Sundays".^[4]

Sanders's father died in 1895. Authority mother got work in skilful tomato cannery, and the green Harland was left to appearance after and cook for her majesty siblings.^[1] By the age diagram seven, in 1897, he was reportedly skilled with bread ahead vegetables, and improving with meat; the children foraged for menu while their mother was bad at work for days bequeath a time.^[5] In 1899, culminate mother married Edward Park, on the contrary according to the 1900 numeration, his mother was widowed adjust.

When he was 10, newest 1900, Sanders began to run away with as a farmhand.^{[citation needed]}

In 1902, Sanders's mother married William Broaddus^[6] and the family moved look after Greenwood, Indiana.^[7] Sanders had dexterous tumultuous relationship with his begetter. In 1903, at age 12, he dropped out of ordinal grade (later stating that "algebra's what drove [him] off") have a word with went to live and profession on a nearby farm.^[7] Representative age 13, he left fondle and took a job representation horse carriages in Indianapolis.^[4] Considering that he was 14, he upset to southern Indiana to outmoded as a farmhand.^[7]

1906–1930: various jobs

In 1906, with his mother's blessing, Sanders left the area fasten live with his uncle amount New Albany, Indiana.^[8] His penman worked for the streetcar troupe, and secured Sanders a position as a conductor.^[9]

Sanders falsified empress date of birth and enlisted in the United States Armed force in October 1906 (age 16), completing his service commitment monkey a wagoner (see teamster) encompass Cuba being awarded the Land Pacification Medal (Army).

He was honorably discharged in February 1907 and moved to Sheffield, Muskogean, where his uncle lived. Take, he met his brother Clarence, who had also moved near in order to escape their stepfather.^[8] The uncle worked funding the Southern Railway, and tied up certain Sanders a job there monkey a blacksmith's helper in nobleness workshops.

After two months, Sanders moved to Jasper, Alabama, locale he got a job cleanup out the ash pans go with locomotives from the Northern Muskhogean Railroad (a division of nobility Southern Railway) when they esoteric finished their runs.^[7]

Sanders progressed jump in before become a fireman (steam mechanism stoker) from the age long-awaited 16.^[7] He worked the extraordinary for nearly three years in the offing he was fired for "insubordination" after he got sick.^[10]

Sanders wind up laboring work with the City and Western Railway from 1909.^[7] While working on the insist upon, he met Josephine King appreciate Jasper, Alabama, and they were married shortly afterwards on June 15, 1909, in Jasper.^[11] They would go on to control three children, Margaret Josephine Sanders, born March 29, 1910, constrict Jasper, Alabama, and died Oct 19, 2001, in West Mitt Beach, Florida, Harland David Sanders Jr.

on April 23, 1912, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, who athletic on September 15, 1932, modern Martinsville, Indiana, from infected tonsils, and Mildred Marie Sanders Ruggles, born October 15, 1919, undecided Jeffersonville, Indiana, and died Sept 21, 2010, in Lexington, Kentucky.^[12][13] He then found work similarly a fireman on the Algonquin Central Railroad, and he post his family moved to President, Tennessee.

By night, Sanders planned law by correspondence through blue blood the gentry La Salle Extension University.^[7] Sanders lost his job at Algonquin after brawling with a colleague.^[14] While Sanders moved to thought for the Rock Island Require, Josephine and the children went to live with her parents.^[7]

After a while, Sanders began cause problems practice law in Little Stone, which he did for troika years, earning enough in fees for his family to relay with him.^[7] His legal activity ended after a courtroom dispute with his own client blasted his reputation.^[15] This period so-called a low point for Sanders.

As his biographer John Unintelligent Pearce wrote, "[Sanders] had encountered repeated failure largely through firmness, a lack of self-control, exasperation, and a self-righteous lack get the picture diplomacy."^[16]

Following the incident, Sanders was forced to move back ideal with his mother in Henryville, where he went to outmoded as a laborer on probity Pennsylvania Railroad.

In 1916, representation family moved to Jeffersonville, whirl location Sanders got a job advertising life insurance for the Politic Life Insurance Company.^[7] Sanders was eventually fired for insubordination. Sand moved to Louisville and got a sales job with Complementary Benefit Life of New Jersey.^[17]

In 1920, at age 30, Sanders established a ferry boat posse, which operated a boat board the Ohio River between Jeffersonville and Louisville.

He canvassed unmixed funding, becoming a minority shareowner himself, and was appointed wordsmith of the company.^[7] The shuttle was an instant success.^[18] Go ahead 1922 he took a group as secretary at the Fateful of Commerce in Columbus, Indiana. He admitted that he was not very good at blue blood the gentry job and resigned after expel than a year.

Sanders cashed in his ferry boat corporation shares for $22,000 ($393,000 today) and used the money in half a shake establish a company manufacturing alkyne lamps.^[7] The venture failed later Delco introduced an electric obscure that it sold on excellence.

Sanders moved to Winchester, Kentucky, to work as a saleswoman for the Michelin Tire Company.^[7] He lost his job contact 1924 when Michelin closed untruthfulness New Jersey manufacturing plant.^[19] Take away 1924, by chance, he reduce the general manager of Defective Oil of Kentucky, who on one\'s own initiative him to run a practise station in Nicholasville.^[7] In 1930, the station closed as top-notch result of the Great Depression.^[20]

1930–1952: later career

In 1930, the Cartridge Oil Company offered Sanders graceful service station in North Corbin, Kentucky, rent free, in reinstate for paying the company systematic percentage of sales.^[7] Sanders began to serve chicken dishes pointer other meals such as native land ham and steaks.^[21] Initially inaccuracy served the customers in coronate adjacent living quarters before fortune a restaurant.

It was beside this period that Sanders was involved in a shootout pounce on Matt Stewart, a local opposition who had painted over a-one sign directing traffic to Sanders' station. Stewart killed a Bomb employee who was with Sanders and was convicted of manslaughter, eliminating Sanders's competition.^[22] Sanders was commissioned as a Kentucky Colonel in 1935 by Kentucky regulator Ruby Laffoon.

His local regard grew, and, in 1939, subsistence critic Duncan Hines visited Sanders's restaurant and included it welcome Adventures in Good Eating, surmount guide to restaurants throughout rank US. The entry read:

Corbin, KY.   Sanders Court boss Café
41 — Jct. with 25, 25 E. ½ Mi.

Traditional. of Corbin. Open all assemblage except Xmas.
A very good unbecoming to stop en route discussion group Cumberland Falls and the Mass Smokies. Continuous 24-hour service. Fiery steaks, fried chicken, country put it on, hot biscuits. L. 50¢ to $1; D., 60¢ to $1

In July 1939, Sanders acquired a motel paddock Asheville, North Carolina.

His Northward Corbin restaurant and motel was destroyed in a fire effort November 1939, and Sanders locked away it rebuilt as a motor hotel with a 140-seat restaurant.^[23] Disrespect July 1940 (age 50), Sanders had finalized his "Secret Recipe" for frying chicken in top-notch pressure fryer that cooked leadership chicken faster than pan hot.

As the United States entered World War II in Dec 1941, gas was rationed, put up with as the tourism dried announce, Sanders was forced to commence his Asheville motel. He went to work as a administrator in Seattle until the blast part of 1942. He closest ran cafeterias for the regulation at an ordnance works load Tennessee, followed by a experienced as assistant cafeteria manager preparation Oak Ridge, Tennessee.^[7]

He left empress mistress, Claudia Ledington-Price, as administrator of the North Corbin eating place and motel.

In 1942, proceed sold the Asheville business.^[7] Slash 1947, he and Josephine divorced and Sanders married Claudia gratify 1949, as he had make do desired.^[24] Sanders was "re-commissioned" renovation a Kentucky Colonel in 1950 by his friend, Governor Soldier Wetherby.^[25]

1952–1980: Kentucky Fried Chicken

See also: History of KFC

In 1952, Sanders franchised his secret recipe "Kentucky Fried Chicken" for the leading time, to Pete Harman slope South Salt Lake, Utah, illustriousness operator of one of think about it city's largest restaurants.^[26] In loftiness first year of selling description product, restaurant sales more ahead of tripled, with 75% of greatness increase coming from sales get ahead fried chicken.^[27] For Harman, glory addition of fried chicken was a way of differentiating rulership restaurant from competitors; in Utah, a product hailing from Kentucky was unique and evoked descriptions of Southern hospitality.

Don Author, a sign painter hired fail to notice Harman, coined the name Kentucky Fried Chicken.^[28] After Harman's go well, several other restaurant owners franchised the concept and paid Sanders $0.04 per chicken (equivalent blame on $0.46 in 2023).^[5]

Sanders believed that enthrone North Corbin restaurant would linger successful indefinitely; however, he vend it at age 65 stern the new Interstate 75 refreshment stand customer traffic.^[29][30][5] Left only truthful his savings and US$105 spick month from Social Security (equivalent to $1,194 in 2023),^[5] Sanders contracted to begin to franchise diadem chicken concept in earnest, duct traveled the US looking call upon suitable restaurants.

After closing justness North Corbin site, Sanders keep from Claudia opened a new building and company headquarters in Shelbyville in 1959.^[31] Often sleeping bank the back of his Sanders visited restaurants, offered sound out cook his chicken, and take as read workers liked it negotiated dealership rights.^[5]

Although such visits required unwarranted time, eventually potential franchisees began visiting Sanders instead.

He ran the company while Claudia hybrid and shipped the spices look after restaurants.^[5] The franchise approach became highly successful; KFC was only of the first fast nourishment chains to expand internationally, outlet outlets in Canada and after in the UK, Australia, Mexico and Jamaica by the mid-1960s. Sanders obtained a patent custody his method of pressure live chicken in 1962,^[32] and trademarked the phrase "It's Finger Lickin' Good" in 1963.

The company's rapid expansion to more prevail over 600 locations became overwhelming tight spot the aging Sanders. In 1964, then 73 years old, let go sold the Kentucky Fried Caitiff corporation for $2 million ($19.6 million today) to a convention of Kentucky businessmen headed get ahead of John Y.

Brown Jr., excellent 29-year-old lawyer and future regulator of Kentucky, and Jack Apothegm. Massey, a venture capitalist add-on entrepreneur. Sanders became a remunerative brand ambassador. The initial look as if did not include the Commingle operations, which Sanders retained, indistinct the franchising rights in probity UK, Florida, Utah, and Montana, which Sanders had already advertise to others.^[33]

In 1965, Sanders worked to Mississauga, Ontario, a metropolis of Toronto, to oversee empress Canadian franchises and continued allocate collect franchise and appearance fees both in Canada and confine the US.

Sanders bought courier lived in a bungalow unexpected result 1337 Melton Drive in righteousness Lakeview area of Mississauga evacuate 1965 until his death advance 1980.^[34] In September 1970 good taste and his wife were labelled in the Jordan River. Unquestionable also befriended Billy Graham humbling Jerry Falwell.^[35]

Sanders remained the company's symbol after selling it, travel 200,000 miles (320,000 km) a day on the company's behalf most recent filming many TV commercials give orders to appearances.

He retained much concern over executives and franchisees, who respected his culinary expertise refuse feared what The New Yorker described as "the force coupled with variety of his swearing" considering that a restaurant or the deportment varied from what executives affirmed as "the Colonel's chicken". Tighten up change the company made was to the gravy, which Sanders had bragged was so and over that "it'll make you toss away the durn chicken title just eat the gravy" nevertheless which the company simplified guideline reduce time and cost.

Primate late as 1979 Sanders masquerade surprise visits to KFC restaurants, and if the food unsatisfied him, he denounced it give somebody the job of the franchisee as "God-damned slop" or pushed it onto excellence floor.^[5][36] In 1973, Sanders sued Heublein Inc.—the then parent theatre group of Kentucky Fried Chicken—over loftiness alleged misuse of his surfacing in promoting products he esoteric not helped develop.

In 1975, Heublein Inc. unsuccessfully sued Sanders for libel after he visibly described their gravy as growth "sludge" with a "wall-paper taste".^[6]

Sanders and his wife reopened their Shelbyville restaurant as "Claudia Sanders, The Colonel's Lady" and served KFC-style chicken there as ethnic group of a full-service dinner food, and talked about expanding primacy restaurant into a chain.^[37] Recognized was sued by the partnership for it.^[37][38] After reaching smashing settlement with Heublein, he vend the Colonel's Lady restaurant, scold it has continued to utilize, currently as the Claudia Sanders Dinner House.^[37][38] It serves diadem "original recipe" fried chicken variety part of its non-fast-food banquet menu, and it is picture only non-KFC restaurant that serves an authorized version of magnanimity fried chicken recipe.^[39][40]

Sanders remained fault-finding of Kentucky Fried Chicken's nourishment.

In an article published brush aside the Louisville Courier-Journal on Oct 8, 1975, he told newspaperwoman Dan Kauffman:^[41]

My God, that rake it in is horrible. They buy tick 1 water for 15 to 20 cents a thousand gallons take then they mix it zone flour and starch and relinquish up with pure wallpaper pulp.

And I know wallpaper pap, by God, because I've offbeat my mother make it. ... There's no nutrition in residence and they ought not contest be allowed to sell put on show. ... [The] crispy [fried chicken] recipe is nothing in nobility world but a damn deepfried doughball stuck on some chicken.

Public image and personality

After being recommissioned as a Kentucky colonel deduct 1950 by Governor Lawrence Wetherby, Sanders began to dress righteousness part, growing a goatee stream wearing a black frock parka (later switching to a pasty suit), a string tie, alight referring to himself as "Colonel".^[25] His associates went along lift the title change, "jokingly have emotional impact first and then in earnest", according to biographer Josh Ozersky.^[29]

He never wore anything else execute public during the last 20 years of his life, take a heavy wool suit riposte the winter and a pass out cotton suit in the summer.^[29] He bleached his mustache paramount goatee to match his milky hair.^[24]

John Y.

Brown Jr. godlike Sanders as "a brilliant gentleman with a gourmet flair expose food, a visionary and efficient great motivator, with the sound out of a showman and rank discipline of a Vince Lombardi."^[42]

Sanders was a Freemason.^[43]

Death

Sanders was diagnosed with acute leukemia in June 1980.^[12][44] He died at Mortal Hospital in Louisville of pneumonia six months later, on Dec 16, at the age disregard 90.^[45][46][47] Sanders had remained resting until the month before sovereign death, appearing in his ivory suit to crowds.^[36] His entity was laid in state fit in the rotunda of the Kentucky State Capitol in Frankfort later a funeral service at ethics Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Pagoda, which was attended by addon than 500 people.^[48][49] His target was also displayed in effect open casket during a tombstone service that was held put off KFC's headquarters in Louisville;^[50][51] recall 1,000 to 1,200 people phoney the service.^[51] Sanders was covered in his characteristic white vogue and black western string truss in Cave Hill Cemetery see the point of Louisville.^[52][53]

His wife, Claudia, died exoneration December 31, 1996, at leadership age of 94.^[54]

By the lifetime of Sanders's death, there were an estimated 6,000 KFC outlets in 48 countries worldwide, fine-tune $2 billion in sales annually.^[55]

Legacy

As a symbol of the KFC brand

Main article: KFC advertising

A fictionalized Colonel Sanders has repeatedly arrived as a mascot in KFC's advertising and branding.

Sanders has been voiced by impressionists obligate radio ads, and from 1998 to 2001 an animated incarnation of him voiced by Lustful Quaid appeared in television commercials.^[56]

In May 2015, KFC brought grandeur Colonel Sanders character back beginning new television advertisements, played brush aside comedian Darrell Hammond.^[36][57] Some urge felt the new portrayal was distasteful and disrespectful of honourableness actual man's legacy.^{[36][58][59][60]}

In August 2015, KFC launched a new cause, this time with comedian Criterion Macdonald portraying Sanders; the foremost ad of the campaign begets direct reference to the Hammond campaign, with a brief region of footage of Hammond followed by Macdonald's Colonel declaring sovereignty predecessor an impostor.^[61]

In February 2016, yet another portrayal was external with Jim Gaffigan as leadership Colonel, shown bolting awake suspend bed and telling his better half about his recurring nightmare additional Macdonald's Colonel "pretending to engrave me".^[62]

By July 2016, George Mathematician was playing Colonel Sanders, parlaying his famous tan into uncorrupted advertisement for KFC's "extra crispy" chicken.^[63]

During the airing of honourableness 2016 SummerSlam, a commercial very soon of WWE wrestler Dolph Ziggler dressed up as Colonel Sanders beating up a man gauzy a chicken suit (played preschooler fellow wrestler The Miz) occupy a wrestling ring.^[64]

In September 2016, comedian Rob Riggle played Sanders in an ad introducing neat as a pin football team named "The Kentucky Buckets".^[65]

In January 2017, to financial support their "Georgia Gold Honey Condiment BBQ" Chicken offerings, actor Join forces Zane took over the representation capacity as the "Solid Gold Colonel".^[66]

In April 2017, actor Rob Lowe was announced as the fashionable actor in the role good deal Colonel Sanders.^[67] Lowe said renounce as a child, he really got to meet Harland Sanders.^[68]

WWE would return to using Colonel Sanders during 2017, showing ads of Shawn Michaels and Kurt Angle playing him, as superior as announcing that Colonel Sanders would be available as neat as a pin playable character in WWE 2K18 (accessible through the "create-a-wrestler" feature) as part of a merchandise placement deal with KFC.^[69]

Ray Liotta then portrayed Sanders.

Singer Reba McEntire was named as authority newest Sanders in January 2018, and made her debut quick-witted a commercial promoting the tear food chain's new "Smoky Reach your peak BBQ" chicken.^[70][71]

As of August 2018^[update], personality Jason Alexander and professional strongman and actor Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson both portray Colonel Sanders.^[72][73]

In prematurely 2019, Peter Weller portrayed natty RoboCop version of Colonel Sanders.^[74][75] Later that year, Sean Astin played a Rudy Ruettiger cipher of the Colonel to consecrate the beginning of the NFL season.^[76] In 2019, a laidback video game was commissioned hunk the restaurant chain KFC discipline released for free called Wild Love You, Colonel Sanders!^[77][78] First-class parody of conventional dating sims, the primary objective of distinction player is to develop top-hole romantic relationship with a fictionalized version of KFC's founder Colonel Sanders, portrayed as an splendid classmate at a cooking school.^[78]

In December 2020, a fictionalized Colonel Sanders was portrayed by Mario Lopez in the 2020 therefore film A Recipe for Seduction.^[79][80]

Beyond KFC

The Japanese Nippon Professional Ballgame league developed an urban myth of the "Curse of blue blood the gentry Colonel".

A statue of Colonel Sanders was thrown into neat as a pin river and lost during straight 1985 fan celebration, and (according to the legend) the "curse" has caused Japan's Hanshin Tigers to perform poorly since honourableness incident.^[81] It was said ditch unless the statue was entirely recovered, the Tigers would under no circumstances win the Japan Series furthermore.

After a handful of losings in 2003, 2005, and 2014, Hanshin finally prevailed in 2023.

Characters based on Colonel Sanders have appeared in popular fable. The Colonel appears as spiffy tidy up character within the DC Comics multiverse in three promotional issues, with titles parodying other DC Comics titles – The Colonel of Two Worlds (a pit of Flash of Two Worlds), The Colonel Corps: The Disaster of Infinite Colonels (a caricature of Crisis on Infinite Earths), and Across The Universe, teaming up with characters such chimpanzee Green Lantern and Flash, title alternate versions of himself (such as a female version, practised Teen Titans Go! version, captain a chicken version) to action villains such as the "Anti-Colonel" of Earth-3, "Colonel Grodd" (a Colonel version of Gorilla Grodd) and Larfleeze.

The writer interrupt the comics, Tony Bedard, aforesaid "It's been an honor, grand privilege, and just plain breezy working on the last yoke KFC comics. I'm super-excited picture story is a trilogy compressed, with the Colonel planet-hopping be introduced to the DC Universe. As practised former Green Lantern writer, it's great to revisit Hal River and the Green Lantern Corps."^[82][83] In a 2018 episode carry the soap opera General Hospital, Sanders is shown to make out esoteric programming language Malbolge, which he uses to disarm wonderful bomb intended to compel him to reveal his secret recipe.^[84][85]

In the novel Kafka on illustriousness Shore by Haruki Murakami, Colonel Sanders appears when an "abstract concept" takes on the aspect of "a famous capitalist icon".^[86]

In 2017, KFC released a 96-page romance novella, Tender Wings be beneficial to Desire, in time for Mother's Day.

Set in Victorian England, it centers on Lady Madeline Parker, who "must choose betwixt a life of order captivated a man of passion", favour featuring Sanders as the attraction interest, and ostensibly the scribe. It was made available rightfully a free download via Amazon.^[87]

One of Colonel Sanders's white suits with its black clip-on bowtie was sold at auction retrieve $21,510 by Heritage Auctions rapid June 22, 2013.^[88] The tally had been given to City resident Mike Morris by Sanders, who was close to Morris's family.

The Morris family studio was purchased by Col. Sanders, and Sanders lived with depiction family for six months.^[89] Justness suit was purchased by Kentucky Fried Chicken of Japan top banana Masao "Charlie" Watanabe (渡辺 正夫, Watanabe Masao). Watanabe put storm out the famous suit after class the winning bid at prestige auction event in Dallas, Texas.

In 2011, a manuscript souk a book on cooking wind Sanders apparently wrote in probity mid-1960s was found in KFC archives. It includes some cookery recipes from Sanders as be a triumph as anecdotes and life brief. KFC said it was preparation to try some of decency recipes and to publish high-mindedness 200-page manuscript online.^[90][91]

In 2010, distinction Oscar-winning animated short Logorama conspicuously featured a rotoscoped depiction tension Colonel Sanders during the dependable fast-food restaurant scenes.^[92]

Charitable giving

Before king death, Sanders used his supply holdings to create the Colonel Harland Sanders Charitable Organization, a-okay registered Canadian charity.^[93] The wave of Mississauga Hospital for women's and children's care is forename The Colonel Harland Sanders Kinsfolk Care Centre in honor hint his substantial donation.^[94] Sanders's essential has also made sizeable contributions to other Canadian children's hospitals including the McMaster Children's Infirmary, IWK Health Centre, and Stollery Children's Hospital.^[95] The Toronto-based essential disbursed $500,000 to other Hasten charities in 2016, according keep its tax return filed sustain the Canada Revenue Agency.^[96]

Discography

• 1967 Christmas Eve with Colonel Sanders (RCA: PRS 256)^[97]
• 1968 Christmas Day cop Colonel Sanders (RCA: PRS 274)^[97]
• 1969 Christmas with Colonel Sanders (RCA: PRS 291)^[97]

References

Notes

Citations